Questions: | 5 |
Available: | Always |
Pass rate: | 75 % |
Backwards navigation: | Forbidden |

5 Questions: Shopping at the Drugstore
Wednesday, October 19, 2016 – 02:45
fact
Questions: | 5 |
Available: | Always |
Pass rate: | 75 % |
Backwards navigation: | Forbidden |
5 Questions: Shopping at the Drugstore
Wednesday, October 19, 2016 – 02:45
(Banner image courtesy of iStock)
October 19, 2016 – 6:00am
An interview with Melissa McBride of The Walking Dead. She talks about Carol and what’s to come in season seven
*
The Best and Worst Films of the 2016 New York Film Festival. Jot down what looks interesting, so you can find them at a theater near you.
*
This Gorgeous Fan Video Puts Studio Ghibli Icons In The Real World. The fan mashup includes characters from My Neighbor Totoro, Spirited Away, Porco Rosso, Howl’s Moving Castle, and Kiki’s Delivery Service.
*
Mountaintop Removal Never Ended: Coal River Mountaineers Fight On. Coal companies are still ruining the environment without hiring miners.
*
How Gap Years Work. It’s great for those who can afford an adventure, but for most, a year of single shifts and paychecks makes it hard to go back to school.
*
Could the Solution to Antibiotic Resistance be More Antibiotics? Combinations of the ones we have seem to do well against superbugs.
*
Why you should think twice before using a debit card. A credit card is usually a better option.
*
Who Was Dr. Frankenstein? There were many men who could have influenced Mary Shelley’s character.
October 19, 2016 – 5:00am
The “references” section of a job application is often skimmed over by job seekers who are eager to relay the finer details of their past job descriptions. But recent research shows applicants shouldn’t be so hasty: Your references can make or break your ability to get the gig. According to a 2012 CareerBuilder survey, 80 percent of hiring managers confirmed that they check references before extending a job offer. And hiring managers reported in an Addison Group survey that references are nearly as important as a resume when considering a candidate. In fact, twice as many hiring managers emphasize references as cover letters.
But the time to get your references ready is long before the hiring manager asks for names and numbers, says Connie Thanasoulis-Cerrachio, a career coach and cofounder of SixFigureStart. She walks us through what to do before, during, and after you apply for a job to make sure your references sing your praises.
“Identify potential references way before you even have an interview,” says Thanasoulis-Cerrachio. If you’re on the job hunt, reach out to coworkers, previous managers, mentors, and clients who have worked with you closely. “You should be 100 percent confident that they will give you a good reference when asked to, so don’t ask people if you’ve had a substantial disagreement with them or you’re unsure about what they’ll say,” she says.
The CareerBuilder survey found that 62 percent of execs had received negative information when reaching out to a reference. “Rather than asking ‘Would you serve as a reference for me?’ ask: ‘Would you be able to give me a positive reference?’” says Thanasoulis-Cerrachio. Any sign of hesitation means you might want to consider other options.
Before you hand your list of references over to HR, Thanasoulis-Cerrachio also recommends asking your potential picks to write you a LinkedIn recommendation. Reading their comments will give you an immediate sense of what qualities each person is likely to speak to and how effusive they are. And LinkedIn recommendations can also better your odds of getting seen by a hiring manager in the first place: Passive recruitment is on the rise, with 84 percent of organizations now using social media to search for candidates who haven’t actively applied for a position. Public, well-polished recommendations can help you catch the eye of a hiring manager.
You might be tempted to share the full job description with each reference or to go into deep notes about how the actual interview went—but resist, says Thanasoulis-Cerrachio. “People are busy and don’t want this level of detail,” she says. But do send each reference a short note, thanking them again for agreeing to be a reference and giving them a heads up that they can expect a call or email for a particular position.
And go ahead and jog the person’s memory about a specific project or accomplishment that they might want to focus on, Thanasoulis-Cerrachio says. At first blush it may sound pushy or tacky, but your references will appreciate that they don’t have to prep for the call, and the examples they give will show off the skills the hiring manager is after.
For example, you could send an email that says: “Thanks, Jane, for agreeing to serve as my reference. I appreciate it very much! By way of background, this position requires especially strong leadership and communication skills. Would you mind giving them the example of when I led the cross-function team of 12 in four countries to create and deliver the new intranet site for our department?”
Is there anything more awkward than circling back with a reference to say that you didn’t get the gig? Sure: never following up after that person took the time to endorse you. “You should absolutely let your reference know the outcome,” says Thanasoulis-Cerrachio. That doesn’t have to mean a play-by-play or a lengthy list of reasons you got passed over or decided not to accept a position. Just a simple outcome is fine, along with another thanks for helping you with the reference.
“Whether you got the job or not, they know you’re always focused on your career and it makes you look professional and considerate,” she says. Not bad traits, considering you’ll likely be getting in touch for another reference at some point in the future.
October 18, 2016 – 4:00pm
Bertini, Wikimedia Commons
On the morning of July 25, 1610, Galileo pointed his telescope at Saturn and was surprised to find that it appeared to be flanked by two round blobs or bumps, one on either side. Unfortunately, Galileo’s telescope wasn’t quite advanced enough to pick out precisely what he had seen (his observations are now credited with being the earliest description of Saturn’s rings in astronomical history), but he nevertheless presumed that whatever he had seen was something special. And he wanted people to know about it.
Keen to announce his news and thereby secure credit for whatever it was he had discovered, Galileo sent letters to his friends and fellow astronomers. This being Galileo, the announcement was far from straightforward:
SMAISMRMILMEPOETALEUMIBUNENUGTTAUIRAS
Each message that Galileo sent out contained little more than that jumbled string of letters, which when rearranged correctly spelled out the Latin sentence, “altissimum planetam tergeminum observavi”—or “I have observed that the highest planet is threefold.”
As the outermost planet known to science at the time, Saturn was the “highest planet” in question. And unaware that he had discovered its rings, Galileo was merely suggesting to his contemporaries that he had found that the planet was somehow divided into three parts. Announcing such a discovery in the form of an anagram might have bought Galileo some time to continue his observations, however, but there was a problem: Anagrams can easily be misinterpreted.
One of those to whom Galileo sent a letter was the German scientist Johannes Kepler. A keen astronomer himself, Kepler had followed and supported Galileo’s work for several years, so when the coded letter arrived at his home in Prague he quickly set to work solving it. Unfortunately for him, he got it completely wrong.
Kepler rearranged Galileo’s word jumble as “salve, umbistineum geminatum Martia proles,” which he interpreted as “be greeted, double-knob, children of Mars.” His solution was far from perfect (umbistineum isn’t really a grammatical Latin word, for one thing), but Kepler was nevertheless convinced that, not only had he correctly solved the riddle, but Galileo’s apparent discovery proved a theory he had been contemplating for several months.
Earlier in 1610, Galileo had discovered the four so-called “Galilean moons” of Jupiter: Io, Europa, Ganymede and Callisto. Although we now know that Jupiter has several dozen moons of varying shapes, sizes, and orbits, at the time the announcement of just four natural satellites had led Kepler to presume that there must be a natural progression in the heavens: the Earth has one moon; Jupiter, two places further out from the Earth, has four; and sat between the two is Mars, which Kepler theorized must surely have two moons, to maintain the balanced celestial sequence 1, 2, 4 and so on (his only question was whether Saturn had six or eight).
Kepler got the anagram wrong, and the presumption that Jupiter only had four moons had been wrong. Yet as misguided as both these facts were, the assumption that Kepler made based on both of them—namely, that Mars had two moons—was entirely correct. Unfortunately for Kepler, his theory would not be proved until long after his death, as the two Martian moons Phobos and Deimos (named after Ares’s sons in Greek Mythology) were not discovered until 1877, by the American astronomer Asaph Hall.
Nevertheless, a misinterpretation of the anagram had accidentally predicted a major astronomical discovery of the 19th century, nearly 300 years before it occurred.
So remarkable was Kepler’s misguided—yet ultimately true—misinterpretation of Galileo’s puzzle that other stories and tall tales regarding his misinterpretations of Galileo’s anagrams soon began to emerge. According to the legend, Galileo sent a second coded message to Kepler later in 1610 when he discovered that Venus, like the Moon, has phases and therefore does not emit light itself but merely appears to shine due to reflected sunlight as it orbits nearer to the Sun than the Earth. The message this time read:
Haec immatura a me iam frustra leguntur oy
… or, “I am now bringing these immature things together in vain, oy!”
The correct solution was “Cynthiae figuras aemulatur mater amorum,” meaning “The Mother of Love (an epithet for the planet Venus) copies the forms of Cynthia (an epithet for the Moon).” Kepler however misinterpreted the message this time as “macula rufa in Jove est gyratur mathem,” or, “there is a red spot in Jupiter, which rotates mathematically.” Kepler had done it again. Entirely by mistake, he predicted the discovery of Jupiter’s Great Red Spot more than two centuries before it was officially discovered.
Unlike the earlier account of Galileo and Kepler’s word play, however, this second story might be apocryphal. Galileo certainly sent out this second anagram to Kepler later in 1610, but the idea that he (albeit unintentionally) managed to make a second groundbreaking astronomical prediction entirely by accident appears to be a step too far. One accidental discovery, it seems, is more than enough.
October 18, 2016 – 3:00pm
Fall’s cooler temperatures are great for cozy sweaters, butternut squash, and hot mulled cider—but the transitional weather is not so great for that chronic pain in your knee. Studies show that falling barometric pressure, increased precipitation, and lower temperatures can trigger arthritis flare-ups and headaches.
Cold weather can also increase the likelihood of injuring yourself during a routine workout. “Anything cold causes muscles, ligaments and tendons to sort of tighten up, and that makes them stiffer,” Dr. James Gladstone, an orthopaedic surgeon specializing in sports medicine at New York’s Mount Sinai Hospital, told weather.com in 2014. “So if you’re going to be doing stuff in cold weather, you want to make sure you warm up well first, and as importantly, have protective clothing on, so you don’t get too cold.”
But let’s say you forgot to warm up or pushed yourself a bit too far during your outdoor run—how do you soothe your aching muscles and sore joints? The below infographic, created by the Cleveland Clinic, tells you whether you should reach for the ice pack or heating pad.
October 18, 2016 – 2:30pm
Carl Anthony Online
Léon Foucault showed little promise as a youngster.
The human body is an amazing thing. For each one of us, it’s the most intimate object we know. And yet most of us don’t know enough about it: its features, functions, quirks, and mysteries. That’s why we’re launching a new series called The Body, which will explore human anatomy, part by part. Think of it as a mini digital encyclopedia with a dose of wow.
Everyone knows that when you get cut, you bleed—a result of the constant movement of blood through our bodies. But do you know all of the functions the circulatory system actually performs? Here are some surprising facts about human blood—and a few cringe-worthy theories that preceded the modern scientific understanding of this vital fluid.
Long before we had scientific proof of the importance of the circulation system, ancient people knew it was important to health. That may be one reason for bloodletting, the practice of cutting people to “cure” everything from cancer to infections to mental illness. For the better part of two millennia, it persisted as one of the most common medical procedures.
Hippocrates, for example, believed that illness was caused by an imbalance of four “humors”—blood, phlegm, black bile, and yellow bile. For centuries, doctors believed balance could be restored by removing excess blood, often by bloodletting or leeches. It didn’t always go so well. George Washington, for example, died soon after his physician treated a sore throat with bloodletting and a series of other agonizing procedures.
By the mid 19th century, bloodletting was on its way out. That said, it hasn’t completely disappeared. Bloodletting has actually been proven an effective treatment for some rare conditions like hemochromatosis, an excess of iron in the body that can lead to liver disease and heart problems.
Today leeches have also made a comeback in medicine. We now know that leech saliva contains substances with anti-inflammatory, antibiotic, and anesthetic properties. It also contains hirudin, an enzyme that prevents clotting. This lets more oxygenated blood into the wound, reducing swelling and helping to rebuild tiny blood vessels so that it can heal faster. That’s why leeches are still sometimes used in treating certain circulatory diseases, arthritis, skin grafting, and reattaching fingers and toes. (By the way, it turns out that even the blood-sucking variety of leech is not all that interested in human blood, contrary to popular belief.)
William Harvey, an English physician, is generally credited with discovering and demonstrating the mechanics of circulation, though his work developed out of the cumulative body of research on the subject over centuries.
The prevailing theory in Harvey’s time was that the lungs, not the heart, moved blood through the body. In part by dissecting living animals and studying their still-beating hearts, Harvey was able to describe how the heart pumped blood through the body and how blood returned to the heart. He also showed how valves in veins helped control the flow of blood through the body. Harvey was ridiculed by many of his contemporaries, but his theories were ultimately vindicated.
Austrian physician Karl Landsteiner first discovered different blood groups in 1901, after he noticed that blood mixed from people with different types would clot. His subsequent research classified types A, B and O. (Later research identified an additional type, AB). Blood types are differentiated by the kinds of antigens—molecules that provoke an immune system reaction—that attach to red blood cells.
People with Type A blood have only A antigens attached to their red cells but have B antigens in their plasma. In those with Type B blood, the location of the antigens is reversed. Type O blood has neither A nor B antigens on red cells, but both are present in the plasma. And finally, Type AB has both A and B antigens on red cells but neither in plasma. But wait, there’s more! When a third antigen, called the Rh factor, is present, the blood type is classified as positive. When Rh factor is absent, the blood type is negative. Got it?
Scientists still don’t understand why humans have different blood types, but knowing yours is important: Some people have life-threatening reactions if they receive a blood type during a transfusion that doesn’t “mix” with their own. Before researchers developed reliable ways to detect blood types, that tended to turn out badly for people receiving an incompatible human (or animal!) blood transfusion.
Adult bodies contain about 5 liters (5.30 quarts) of blood (except pregnant women, whose bodies can produce about 50 percent more blood in order to nourish their fetus.)
Plasma, the liquid portion of our blood, accounts for about 3 liters. It carries red and white blood cells and platelets, which deliver oxygen to our cells, fight disease, and repair damaged vessels. These are joined by electrolytes, antibodies, vitamins, proteins, and other nutrients required to nourish all the other cells in the body.
Red blood cells contain an important protein called hemoglobin that delivers oxygen to all the other cells in our bodies. It also carries carbon dioxide from those cells back to the lungs.
Red blood cells are produced in our bone marrow. But not everyone produces the healthy ones. Sufferers of sickle cell anemia, a hereditary condition, develop malformed red blood cells that can’t move easily through blood vessels. These blood cells last only 10 to 20 days, which leads to a chronic shortage of red blood cells, often causing to pain, infection, and organ damage.
In 2014, research led by Stanford University scientists found that injecting the plasma of young mice into older mice improved memory and learning. Their findings follow years of experiments in which scientists surgically joined the circulatory systems of old and young mice to test whether young blood could reverse signs of aging. Those results showed rejuvenating effects of a particular blood protein on the organs of older mice, as well as muscle stem cells.
The Stanford team’s findings that young blood had positive effects on mouse memory and learning sparked intense interest in whether it could eventually lead to new treatments for Alzheimer’s disease. The scientist who led the research is now testing the effects of young plasma on Alzheimer’s patients.
And in August, a California start-up announced it would conduct a clinical trial with volunteers 35 and older to see if a young (human) plasma injection offered anti-aging benefits. That trial is proving controversial, however, because of the price tag: The company will charge patients $8000 to participate.
If you’ve cringed your way through this list, you’re not alone—many are a bit squeamish about blood. But for 3 to 4 percent of people, squeamishness associated with blood, injury, or invasive medical procedures like injections rises to the level of a true phobia. It’s called blood injury injection phobia (BII). And most sufferers share a common reaction: fainting.
Most phobias cause an increase in heart rate and blood pressure, and often muscle tension, shakes, and sweating. This is part of the body’s sympathetic nervous system’s “fight or flight” response. But sufferers of BII experience an added symptom: after initially increasing, their blood pressure and heart rate will abruptly drop.
This reaction is caused by the vagus nerve, which works to keep a steady heart rate, among other things. But the vagus nerve sometimes overdoes it, pushing blood pressure and heart rate too low. (You may have experienced this phenomenon if you’ve ever felt faint while hungry, dehydrated, startled, or standing up too fast.) For BII sufferers, this so-called vasovagal response can happen at the mere sight or suggestion of blood, needles, or bodily injury, making even a routine medical or dental checkup cause for dread and embarrassment.
October 18, 2016 – 2:00pm
As a recurring feature, our team combs the Web and shares some amazing Amazon deals we’ve turned up. Here’s what caught our eye today, October 18.
Mental Floss has affiliate relationships with certain retailers, including Amazon, and may receive a small percentage of any sale. But we only get commission on items you buy and don’t return, so we’re only happy if you’re happy. Good luck deal hunting!
Streamlight 73001 Nano Light Miniature Keychain LED Flashlight, Black for $6.99 (list price $9.99)
Anker PowerPort 2 31.5W Dual USB 3.0 Wall Charger for $25.99 (list price $49.99)
Keurig K250 2.0 Brewing System, Black for $81.99 for Prime members (list price $129.99)
Cook N Home 10 Piece Non Stick Black Soft Handle Cookware Set, Blue for $36.79 (list price $59.99)
KidsFunwares Me Time Dinnerware Set (Dump Truck) for $14.69 (list price $19.95)
Good Cooking Chocolate Melting Pots Parent for $26.99 (list price $34.99)
Instant Pot Accu SV800 Sous Vide Immersion Circulator (120V, 800W) for $129.95 (list price $250.00)
Cooks Standard 4 Piece Asian Gourmet Chef Knife Set, Stainless Steel for $29.98 (list price $59.99)
Cuisinox Irish Coffee Glass, Set of 2 for $10.99 (list price $12.99)
Jura Automatic Milk Frother for $79.99 (list price $99.00)
Keurig Descaling Solution for $11.63 (list price $12.99)
Dash Go Rapid Egg Cooker, Black for $14.96 (list price $50.57)
Simple Chef SC-FVSPLZR Vegetable Spiralizer for $19.99 (list price $24.95)
Calphalon Nonstick Bakeware, Spring Form Pan, 9-inch for $14.44 (list price $16.45)
Culina Bamboo 1″ Cutting Board, Carved Drain, Large 17.5″ X 12.5″ for $9.99 (list price $19.99)
SterlingPro Double Wall Stainless Steel French Coffee Press, 1 Liter for $79.98 (list price $89.95)
Whynter BWR-18SD 18 Bottle Built-In Wine Refrigerator for $380.92 (list price $495.00)
Maxam Granite Mortar and Pestle for $23.99 (list price $48.40)
Hamilton Beach 40865 Glass Electric Kettle, 1.7-Liter for $26.99 (list price $60.00)
RTIC 30 oz. Tumbler for $13.56 (list price $59.95)
Presto 04820 PopLite Hot Air Popper for $21.00 (list price $29.99)
Hamilton Beach Belgian Waffle Maker (26009) for $19.28 (list price $27.99)
Yeti Rambler Tumbler Stainless Steel, 30 oz for $25.64 (list price $69.95)
Black & Decker BDH1200PVAV 12V Pivot Automotive Vacuum – Corded for $35.99 (list price $56.24)
Black & Decker BDH100WW Powered Squeegee Vac – Cordless for $41.49 (list price $69.99)
Poo-Pourri Before-You-Go Toilet Spray 4-Ounce Bottle, Original Scent for $10.69 (list price $14.99)
Danco 9D00010306 Microban Hair Catcher for $4.98 (list price $29.48)
Waterpik Aquarius Water Flosser, WP-660 for $64.95 (list price $79.99)
Q-tips Cotton Swabs, 500 Count (Pack of 4) for $10.44 after on-screen coupon (list price $14.44)
Gillette Mach3 Base Cartridges 15 Count for $24.97 after on-screen coupon (list price $39.99)
Dove Men+Care Body Wash, Extra Fresh 23.5 oz for $5.29 after on-screen coupon (list price $9.19)
Wahl Color Pro Complete Hair Cutting Kit #79300-400T for $17.09 (list price $40.99)
CeraVe Moisturizing Lotion, 12 oz. for $11.67 (list price $13.99)
CeraVe Foaming Facial Cleanser, 12 Ounce for $8.89 (list price $16.25)
8 Inch Foam Halloween Pumpkins – Craft Shapes – 24 Pack for $10.47 (list price $14.99)
Oxford Ruled Index Cards, 3″ x 5″, White, 100/Pack (31) for $1.00 (list price $1.79)
LolliZ 70 Gel Pens Tray Set, 70 Unique Color Choices for $9.99
ACCO Binder Clips, Large, 12 Per Box (72100) for $2.99 (list price $10.74)
Sharpie Permanent Markers, Fine Point, Black, 12-Count for $6.00 (list price $7.54)
Sharpie Pocket Highlighters, Chisel Tip, Assorted Colors, 12-Count for $5.24 (list price $12.86)
Artist’s Loft Fundamentals Watercolor Pan Set for $9.71 (list price $12.50)
UBOXES, LLC Smart Moving Boxes Kit & Packing Supplies with Tape for $41.34 (list price $49.25)
Darice Embossing Multi-Purpose Heat Tool, 320 Watt for $11.99 (list price $24.99)
EasyFlex 1131-6C Tree Trunk Protectors, 6 Count, Grey for $12.88 (list price $14.30)
Novelty MFG 30408A Watering Can, 2-Gallon, Assorted Pastel for $13.56 (list price $17.19)
POOF Jarts Lawn Darts for $16.34 (list price $23.00)
Bowflex PR3000 Home Gym for $799.00 (list price $1,299.00)
Butterfly Match 22 Rollaway Table Tennis Table, Blue for $773.89 (list price $1,099.99)
Pogo BPA-Free Plastic Water Bottle with Chug Lid, Blue, 18 oz. for $8.52 (list price $15.55)
Chinook Trekker Snowshoes, 22 for $55.73 (list price $75.00)
Columbia Women’s Mighty Lite Hooded Plush Jacket, Emerald, Large for $48.18 (list price $130.00)
Columbia Thermarator Neck Gaiter, Marine Blue, One Size for $11.92 (list price $20.00)
Columbia Men’s Mighty Light Hooded Jacket, Hyper Blue, Large for $55.92 (list price $125.00)
Turcom Graphic Drawing Tablet 8 X 6 Inches for $36.99 (list price $119.99)
Samsung CF591 Series Curved 27-Inch FHD Monitor (C27F591) for $300.36 (list price $349.99)
Vastar Hair Drain Clog Remover Drain Snake Cleaning Tool for $5.99 (list price $15.99)
Infora Utility TU247 KeyTool Multitool Set for $1.95 (list price $11.83)
Makita T-01725 Impact Drill-Driver Bit Set, Black Oxide, 70-Piece for $23.99 (list price $45.00)
3M TEKK Protection Chemical Splash/Impact Goggle for $2.96 (list price $7.49)
Stanley TR150HL SharpShooter Heavy Duty Staple Gun for $15.00 (list price $30.38)
Dremel 4000-2/30 120-Volt Variable Speed Rotary Tool Kit – Corded for $79.49 (list price $150.91)
October 18, 2016 – 11:42am
If flickering candles, squeaky staircases, and coffin beds fit your description of a cozy vacation home, Airbnb has the perfect listing for you. As The Telegraph reports, the lodging service is inviting two guests to stay at Bran Castle, or “Dracula’s Castle,” on the night of October 31.
Though Dracula author Bram Stoker never visited the location in person, it’s believed to have been one of the primary inspirations for the castle featured in his famous novel. He described his fictional fortress as sitting “on the very edge of a terrible precipice”—a striking parallel to the real-life building in the Carpathian mountains of Transylvania, Romania.
According to the Airbnb listing, guests will arrive at the castle in a horse-drawn carriage at sunset. The description reads: “The chill that suddenly fills the carriage is not the evening mist, it’s a fear older than the forests now grown up around the castle rock. This is the lair of vampires, and you cannot leave until dawn.”
From there, visitors will be welcomed in by their host for the night, Dacre Stoker, the great grandnephew of Bram and a “vampire expert.” After dining on a “blood-enriching” dinner, guests will retire to the Count’s crypt for a good night’s sleep in velvet-lined coffin beds.
Dracula’s castle does enforce a few house rules: Garlic-scented items are banned, mirror-selfies are frowned upon, and crossing cutlery or “placing anything in a cross formation” is prohibited. Anyone who can agree to adhere to those conditions can enter to win their stay through Airbnb. As was the case with the one-night stay in the Paris catacombs offered through the site last Halloween, guests will be chosen based on their response to an essay question. This year’s prompt: Explain what you would say to Count Dracula if you were to meet him in his castle.
[h/t The Telegraph]
All images courtesy of Airbnb.
Know of something you think we should cover? Email us at tips@mentalfloss.com.
October 18, 2016 – 1:30pm