4 Tips for Rocking Your Self-Assessment

filed under: Work
Image credit: 
iStock

What’s more awkward than a performance review at work? The self-appraisal process that precedes it, of course.

Measuring your own performance without coming across as arrogant or too self-deprecating can be an incredibly hard tightrope to walk. Studies have shown that we’re remarkably poor judges of our own work, and no one can remember what they did six months ago, anyway. All the more reason to dash it off in the five minutes before it’s due, right?

Nope, says New York-based career consultant Maggie Mistal. The frenetic nature of today’s workforce means your words carry an outsize amount of weight. “With managers having so much on their plates, many use the self-assessments as the basis for the employee’s performance evaluation,” Mistal says. Your boss can’t possibly keep track of all your victories (or setbacks). That means they might reference your self-assessment when deciding on your next raise or who on the team should land the next promotion.

If the stakes for your self-assessment seem high, it’s because they are. But there are some easy steps you can take to make sure you’re showing off your best self—without seeming like a braggart.

1. ADD JUICY DETAILS.

Now is not the time for modesty, says Mistal. When recounting your successes, details matter. To avoid staring blankly at your screen for 45 minutes, keep a running list, saved on your desktop, of projects completed and goals accomplished throughout the year. Then, when it’s time to turn that list into assessment material, Mistal recommends following a Position-Action-Result template. Identify what role you played, what action you took, and the details of the positive outcome. For example, rather than noting that you “oversaw the website redesign” you can point to the four-person team you managed for the two-month project, and the 25 percent traffic bump the redesign helped reel in.

2. BE (CAREFULLY) HONEST.

You shouldn’t ignore mistakes or failures, but be sure to frame them appropriately. Rather than saying, “I fell short” or “I failed,” flip your language to create solution-based statements. The Harvard Business Review recommends framing it as, “Here’s an area I want to work on”—then spell out what you’re going to do. Most employers will favor that kind of growth mentality, and crafting your own game plan for growth can actually earn you bonus points in the performance review.

3. DON’T COMPLAIN.

Now is not the time for disparaging remarks about your company or its leaders—save that stuff for happy hour with your BFF. Instead, the self-assessment should include an appreciation of what’s working in your job, Mistal says, even if that means digging deep to find a team dynamic that’s working. And, like with your mistakes, invert the negatives to create a more productive conversation. “Rather than say that you want to be promoted out of a department with little upward mobility, make it more empowering,” says Mistal. “Say you’re motivated and make your best contributions when your efforts lead to greater roles.”

4. GET A SECOND OPINION.

Discussing self-assessments with trusted colleagues can be good for everyone. Your work pal might jog your memory about a project-saving move that you’ve forgotten, or a team member might point out that your can-do attitude isn’t exactly the norm at the office. Those swapped compliments can be great details for the self-assessment, but don’t limit yourself to just talk. “Having another pair of eyes read over what you’ve written never hurts,” Mistal says. Because, just like with a resume or cover letter, a typo can be glaring for reviewers.


November 2, 2016 – 4:00pm

Employees Spend Less Than 40 Percent of the Workday on Actual Work

filed under: Work
Image credit: 
iStock

For all the time Americans spend complaining about sad desk lunches, after-hours emails, and unused vacation days, our workload is surprisingly light. As Inc. reports, the average U.S. worker spends just 39 percent of their clocked-in hours on actual work, but employee laziness isn’t necessarily to blame.

That number comes from Workfront’s latest U.S. State of Enterprise Work Report which surveyed over 600 people employed by large companies. The percentage of time respondents said they dedicated to job tasks in 2016 is down from the 46 percent they reported last year. So what’s causing the severe drop in productivity? It’s tempting to blame the tweets, quizzes, and cat GIFs constantly at our fingertips for distracting employees. And past research has shown that slacking off does contribute to missing time in the workday—but only about 30 to 60 minutes of it. According to Workfront’s report, the biggest distractions employees face are actually coming from up top.

Workers surveyed reported spending 21 percent of their days in meetings (half of which they didn’t find productive) and 16 percent answering emails. So even when employees want to get work done, they still have to deal with managers interrupting them throughout the day.

While our work hours are becoming less productive, they’re also growing longer: The average amount of time spent at the office increased from 44.3 hours in 2015 to 45.1 hours in 2016. Thankfully there are alternatives for workers determined to make better use of their precious time. Working from home is becoming more widely accepted and, as you might suspect, remote employees get more done and feel happier overall.

[h/t Inc.]


November 2, 2016 – 3:30pm

Why Do Criminals Go “On The Lam”?

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iStock

“Call me mint jelly, because I’m on the lam!”

The fact that there’s no B at the end of that particular lam suggests that the origin of “being on the lam”—that is, on the run from the law—doesn’t lie down on the farm. So where does this bizarre expression come from?

The phrase on the lam first emerged in the late 19th century as to do a lam, a slang expression defined in an 1897 article in Popular Science as simply “to run.” (Alongside it, we’re told Victorian criminals were already taking kips when they fell asleep, were rubbernecking when listening in on others’ conversations, and would give longwinded spiels instead of speeches). But by the turn of the century, to do a lam had morphed into to go on the lam, which first began to crop up in print in the early 1900s and has remained unchanged ever since.

As a verb in its own right, however, lam dates back as far as the late 16th century. The Oxford English Dictionary has unearthed it in a dictionary compiled in the mid-1590s (alongside a long-lost equivalent form, belam), but back then the word’s meaning was considerably different: in 16th century English, to lam meant “to beat” or “to thrash someone harshly.”

In that sense, lam is probably a distant cousin of lame (and so might have originally implied beating someone to the point of injury) and actually still survives in the word lambaste, which today means “to scold” or “castigate,” but back in the 17th century also meant “to beat.” Precisely where the word came from before then, however, is a mystery, but it’s possible that lam has Scandinavian ancestors and could be descended from an Old Norse word, lemja, meaning “to beat” or “strike.” But no matter what its earliest origins might be, how did we get from beating someone to running away from the law?

Lam survived in this original sense until the 19th century when, having steadily fallen out of everyday use, it began to crop up in the schoolyard slang of British (and later American) schoolchildren. By the mid-1800s, lamming out or lamming into someone was being widely used in reference to schoolyard fights and scuffles, and it’s perhaps through association with schoolboys running away before they were caught fighting by their teachers (or else, with the hapless victim running away before the first blow was thrown) that lamming finally came to be used to mean “to escape” or “to abscond.”

In this sense, lam first appeared in print on its own in 1886, in Allan Pinkerton’s memoir Thirty Years A Detective. In it, Pinkerton—the Scotland-born founder of Chicago’s renowned Pinkerton National Detective Agency—describes in detail the precise operations of a pickpocketing gang:

“After selecting their victim or ‘mark,’ who is engaged in drawing a large sum of money from the bank, one of the number will take up his position inside the bank, where he can watch every movement of the man who is to be robbed … Quick as a flash, and yet with an ease of motion that attracts no particular attention, the ‘tool’ turns sideways, almost facing the man, but upon his right side. The ‘tool’ usually carries a coat upon his arm for the purpose of covering his hand; with the concealed hand he will work under the man’s coat, and taking the wallet or package by the top, will raise it straight up, until it is entirely clear of the pocket; then drawing it under his own coat, the robbery is complete … If he is rather slow about getting to the wallet or the money and he notices that the front men [two other members of the same gang] are getting somewhat uneasy, he calls out ‘stick!’ This means that in a few seconds he will be successful, and that they are to stay in their respective positions. After he has secured the wallet he will chirp like a bird, or will utter the word ‘lam!’ This means to let the man go, and to get out of the way as soon as possible. This word is also used in case the money cannot be taken, and further attempts are useless.”

It’s from here that phrases like doing a lam eventually emerged in the later 1880s, and criminals have been going on the lam ever since.

Have you got a Big Question you’d like us to answer? If so, let us know by emailing us at bigquestions@mentalfloss.com.


November 2, 2016 – 3:00pm

Archaeologists Find 49,000-Year-Old Artifacts in Australia’s Interior

Archaeologists found the radius bone of a juvenile Diprotodon (Diprotodon optatum), a 13-foot-long herbivore weighing approximately 3 tons, in Warratyi Rock Shelter’s early occupation levels. This is the first time its bones have been found near human artifacts. Image Credit: Peter Murray

 
Archaeologists have discovered a cozy but artifact-rich rock shelter in Australia’s arid interior where people ate rhino-sized marsupials and emu eggs around campfires up to 49,000 years ago—about 10,000 years earlier than previously reported. The cave might be the oldest archaeological site in the southern interior, and its treasure trove of data, covering tens of thousands of years of periodic occupation, could help prove that early human settlers spread quite quickly through the continent. The researchers published their findings [PDF] today in the journal Nature.

Giles Hamm, an archaeologist at Melbourne’s La Trobe University, discovered the so-called Warratyi Rock Shelter on a craggy slope in the Flinders Ranges—about 340 miles north of Adelaide—as part of his doctoral research about six years ago. He had been looking at prehistoric rock art along a nearby gorge when he found the cave and noticed its blackened roof—a sign of past campfires. A test pit proved that the soil was full of artifacts and animal bones as deep as 1 meter below the cave’s current floor. “We realized we hit pay dirt,” Hamm tells mental_floss.

A profile view of the Warratyi Rock Shelter, elevated above a local stream. For scale, note the figure at lower right. Image Credit: Giles Hamm

 
The cave was probably only big enough to house a small family, Hamm says, but humans kept coming back to the site for tens of thousands of years, likely because it was near resource-rich springs with water, vegetation, and animals like wallabies and lizards for hunting.

Within the cave’s layers of dirt, Hamm and his colleagues found red ochre and white gypsum powder that might have been used as pigments for body painting. They found a 40,000-year-old needle that could be Australia’s oldest bone tool (see below). They also found innovative stone tools like spears and blades that are 10,000 years older than similar tools found elsewhere in Australia.

This sharpened bone point is 40,000–38,000 years old and is now the oldest bone tool yet found in Australia. It was likely ground from a lower leg bone of an animal about the size of a yellow-footed rock wallaby. Image credit: Giles Hamm

 
The oldest deposits in the cave date back to 49,000 years ago, not too long after the first humans are thought to have arrived in northern Australia. That means people migrated to the southern part of the continent over a relatively short time span. Hamm thinks these prehistoric pioneers might have even traveled by a north-south route through Australia’s harsh interior desert landscape, rather than by a strictly coastal route.

After Homo sapiens evolved in Africa, they ventured out into the rest of the world. But because of gaps in the genetic and archaeological record, there’s lively debate about how and when these early migrations occurred. Today the prevailing theory among scientists is that humans arrived in Southeast Asia around 70,000 years ago, and then island-hopped to Australia at least 50,000 years ago, founding the modern-day Aboriginal population.

“We’ll probably never know the the date for the first people to step on the continent,” Gifford Miller, a geologist at the University of Colorado-Boulder who was not involved in the Nature research, tells mental_floss. “But the new study supports lots of recent work showing that humans were pretty much established throughout the continent earlier than most people thought.”

Archaeologist Mike Smith, who was also not involved in the new research, concluded in his 2013 book The Archaeology of Australia’s Deserts that the interior of the continent was probably settled by at least 45,000 years ago. But he tells mental_floss that researchers had been missing significant parts of the archaeological record older than 35,000 years.

There have been some scattered finds that suggested humans spread throughout Australia traveling across some dry desert landscapes quite soon after they arrived on the continent. Radiocarbon dates from Devil’s Lair—a cave near the southwestern tip of Australia that was excavated in the 1970s—showed that humans had occupied the site at least 48,000 years ago. And according to another study published by Miller and his colleagues in Nature Communications earlier this year, there are more than 200 sites across Australia (including some in the interior) with evidence that humans had been cooking eggs of the flightless, human-sized bird Genyornis newtoni, a species that went extinct about 47,000 years ago.

Smith says the Warratyi Rock Shelter helps fill a gap in Australian pre-history with solid evidence.

The animal bones left in the cave also offer new information about how early settlers adapted to and took advantage of their environment. The shelter is the first known site to have human artifacts alongside the bones of the extinct species Diprotodon optatum, a giant marsupial that looked almost like a hippo covered in wombat fur. (See top image.) This could be the first real evidence that humans hunted these lumbering marsupials, and it could help settle the debate about whether human predation pushed the species to extinction.


November 2, 2016 – 2:55pm

Get Wednesday’s Top Amazon Deals While You Can

Image credit: 
amazon / istock

As a recurring feature, our team combs the Web and shares some amazing Amazon deals we’ve turned up. Here’s what caught our eye today, November 2.

Mental Floss has affiliate relationships with certain retailers, including Amazon, and may receive a small percentage of any sale. But we only get commission on items you buy and don’t return, so we’re only happy if you’re happy. Good luck deal hunting!

GADGETS AND ELECTRONICS

Onite USB LED Light for Camping, Children Bed Lamp, Portable USB LED Bulb, Emergency Light, Cord Comes with Switch, warmwhite for $7.99 (list price $16.99)

Go-Comb – Wallet Comb + Bottle Opener – Sleek, Durable Stainless Steel Hair and Beard Comb for $11.99 (list price $15.99)

Kindle for Kids Bundle with the latest Kindle E-reader, 2-Year Worry-Free Guarantee, Blue Cover for $79.99 (list price $124.98)

Lenovo ThinkCentre M700 Tiny Desktop, Intel Core i3-6100T Dual-Core 3.2GHz, 4GB DDR4, 128GB Solid State Drive, 802.11ac, Bluetooth, Win10Pro for $306.99 (list price $539.00)

Roku Streaming Stick (3600R) (2016 Model) for $39.99 (list price $49.99)

Kapotas Wallet with Cash Sleeve Perf Colorway, Black for $41.65 (list price $49.00)

Photive HYDRA Waterproof Wireless Bluetooth Speaker. Rugged Shockproof and Waterproof Portable Wireless Speaker for $34.95 (list price $129.95)

Sabrent 60 Watt (12 Amp) 10-Port Family-Sized Desktop USB Rapid Charger. Smart USB Ports with Auto Detect Technology [Black] (AX-TPCS) for $32.99 (list price $44.99)

Samsung 64GB BAR USB 3.0 Metal Flash Drive (MUF-64BA/AM) for $17.95 

Aukey CC-S1 4.8A Dual Port USB Car Charger – Black for $9.99 (list price $13.99)

 

Libratone ZIPP WiFi + Bluetooth Multi-Room Wireless Speaker (Cloudy Grey) for $249.00 (list price $299.00)

Dacuda PocketScan for $129.00 (list price $139.00)

Bloxels: Build Your Own Video Game for $41.72 (list price $49.99)

ATGOIN Bluetooth Headphones V4.1 Wireless Sport Stereo In-Ear Noise Cancelling Sweatproof Headset for $19.99 (list price $66.99)

Dostyle Solar Charger, Portable 15000mAh Solar Battery Charger Dual USB Solar Phone Charger Power Bank Backup Battery with 6 LED Flashlight (Orange) for $17.59 (list price $59.99)

AUKEY Bluetooth Headphones, Wireless Stereo Earbuds with Sweatproof, 5 Hours Playtime, Built-in Mic for Running, Gym, Yoga for $19.99 (list price $34.99)

Omaker 5-Pack Premium Micro USB Charging Cable High Speed Sync and Charging Cable for $8.99 (list price $39.99)

RAVPower 6700mAh Palm Sized Portable Charger (2.4A Output & 2A Input) with iSmart 2.0 Technology Power Bank External Battery Pack for Smartphones Tablets and more for $11.99 (list price $69.99)

Starry Station – Touchscreen WiFi Router – Perfect WiFi For Your Whole Home. Fast Gigabit Speed for $269.99 (list price $299.99)

TaoTronics Bluetooth Shutter Selfie Stick with Tripod for IOS and Android Smartphone for $14.99 (list price $21.99)

Sennheiser PXC 450 Active Noise-Canceling Headphones for $199.95 (list price $224.93)

View-Master Deluxe VR Viewer for $29.99 (list price $39.99)

Eyourlife Magic Pattern Change 64 LED RGBW Stage Light Projector for $17.89 (list price $69.99)

Sharkk COMMANDO Waterproof Bluetooth Speaker IP65 Outdoor Wireless Bluetooth Speakers with 24 Hour+ Battery Life for $79.99 (list price $149.99)

Philips GoLITE BLU Energy Light, Rechargeable for $99.99 (list price $149.99)

Anker Wireless Charger PowerPort Qi Wireless Charging Pad for Samsung S7 / S6 / Edge / Plus, Note 5, Nexus 4 / 5 / 6 / 7, Nokia Lumia 920, LG Optimus Vu2, HTC 8X / Droid DNA and All Qi-Enabled Devices for $13.99 (list price $59.99)

15000mAh Portable Power Bank – iXCC Aluminum Shell Dual USB High Speed External Battery Pack Charger for iPhone, iPad, Samsung Galaxy and More |Black for $20.99 (list price $39.99)

Philips HF3520 Wake-Up Light With Colored Sunrise Simulation, White for $94.99 (list price $169.99)

Philips Wake-Up Light with Sunrise Simulation, White, HF3500 for $48.99 (list price $69.99)

LED Bluetooth Bulb Speaker, True Wireless Stereo, Aptx Support, Dimmable LED, Apps Control, Pair, White for $89.99 (list price $169.99)

Razer BlackWidow Ultimate Stealth 2016 – Backlit Quiet Mechanical Gaming Keyboard with 10 Key Rollover for $94.99 (list price $109.99)

Casio Men’s SGW-450H-2BCF Twin Sensor Analog-Digital Black Watch for $45.99 (list price $79.95)

Invicta Men’s 14879 Specialty Chronograph Stainless Steel Watch with Link Bracelet for $97.39 (list price $595.00)

Stuhrling Original Delphi Automatic Watch – Grey Skeleton Dial Wrist Watch for Men – Stainless Steel Brown Leather Analog Watch 730.02 for $102.97 (list price $545.00)

Stuhrling Original Men’s 747.03 Atrium Automatic Watch with Black Leather Band for $84.99 (list price $425.00)

KITCHEN

Stojo Collapsible Cup, Silicone, Travel Mug, Reusable, Leak Proof Lid, 12 oz, Red for $16.95 (list price $19.99)

Pocky Biscuit Stick, Chocolate, 2.47 Ounce (Pack of 10) for $13.30 (list price $30.99)

A29 Moscow Mule Solid 100 % Pure Copper Unlined Mug / Cup, Set of 4 (16-Ounce/Set of 4, Smooth) with BONUS Shot Glass and Free Recipe Booklet for $25.99 (list price $104.99)

Nordic Ware Pro Form Anniversary Cake Pan, 12 Cup for $12.95 (list price $21.50)

Ninja Coffee Bar Glass Carafe System (CF091) for $168.14 (list price $199.99)

Steven Raichlen Best of Barbecue Beer-Can Chicken Rack with Canister and Drip Pan – Durable and Long-lasting (Stainless Steel) – SR8016. for $17.99 (list price $29.99)

GDEALER Digital Kitchen Scale 11lb/5kg Accuracy Food Scale Multifunction Kitchen Scale with Bowl, Stainless Steel, 2.15L Liquid Volume, Alarm Timer, Temperature, Backlight LCD Display for $19.99 (list price $35.99)

Farberware Classic 3-Piece Bamboo Cutting Board and Serving Set, Assorted Sizes for $10.27

KRUPS GX5000 Professional Electric Coffee Burr Grinder with Grind Size and Cup Selection, 7-Ounce, Black for $39.99 (list price $69.99)

KitchenAid KSM150PSER Artisan Tilt-Head Stand Mixer with Pouring Shield, 5-Quart, Empire Red for $269.99 (list price $429.99)

Star Wars Lightsaber Spatula for $14.23 (list price $19.99)

Silicone Bowl Lids, Set of 5 Reusable Suction Seal Covers for Bowls, Pots, Cups. Food Safe for $15.95 (list price $22.95)

Scanpan Classic 2 Piece Fry Pan Set, Black for $84.99 (list price $99.95)

AleHorn “Hand of the King” and “Game of Thrones” style Bottle Opener for $14.99 (list price $19.99)

Ball Fruit Fresh Produce Protector 5oz for $3.48 (list price $5.49)

Chillz Ice Ball Maker Mold – Black Flexible Silicone Ice Tray – Molds 4 X 4.5cm Round Ice Ball Spheres for $8.75 (list price $39.95)

ANTONI BARCELONA Large Wine Glass – Unique Hand Painted for $18.90 (list price $31.00)

Stanley Cook + Brew Set for $22.72 (list price $25.00)

Bormioli Rocco Riserva Grappa Glasses, Set of 6 for $20.62 (list price $28.80)

Kitchen Shears, Stainless Steel, Black, 9-inch for $5.34 (list price $6.99)

Ipow Silicone Cupcake Baking Muffin Cups Liners Molds Sets, 24 pack for $8.99 (list price $12.35)

Triple Filter 8 Cup French Press in Chrome 34 Oz for $13.99 (list price $31.99)

Docooler 1.1L Portable Ultra-light Outdoor Hiking Camping Picnic Water Kettle Teapot Coffee Pot Anodised Aluminum for $13.99 (list price $19.99)

Meal Prep Containers 7-Pack of Reusable Portion Control Food Containers Made of FDA-Certified BPA-Free Polypropylene Are Microwavable Dishwasher-Safe and Stackable for Diet Weight Loss Plans for $13.98 (list price $28.50)

Sturdy Wire Potato Masher – Gourmet Wire Masher- Stainless Steel 18/10 – Durable – Large Size 27cm – by Utopia Kitchen for $5.99 (list price $19.99)

OXO Good Grips Compost Bin for $19.95 

Professional Series Chef Knife from A Cut Above Cutlery, 8 Inch Stainless Steel Blade for $29.99 (list price $49.99)

Professional Knife Sharpening Stone Kit – King Size 8.25″ x 2.75″, 800/3000 Japanese Grits | Whetstone Sharpener with Non-Slip, Dual Angle Guide/Storage Box for $27.90 (list price $55.90)

Pyrex Prepware 3-Piece Glass Mixing Bowl Set for $12.00 (list price $14.69)

HOME

Hoover FH50150 Carpet Basics Power Scrub Deluxe Carpet Cleaner for $95.79 (list price $219.99)

BLACK + DECKER CHV1410L 16 volt Lithium Cordless Dust Buster Hand Vac for $49.99 (list price $89.99)

Etekcity Digital Body Weight Scale, Tempered glass, 400 Pounds for $14.99 (list price $29.99)

TaoTronics Essential Oil Diffuser, TaoTronics 400ml Aroma Diffuser for Aromatherapy (Noiseless High & Low Mist Humidifier, 14 Hours Continuous Mist, PP Build, 7 Light Colors, Low Water Protection) for $37.99 (list price $69.99)

1byone Bedside Touch Sensor Table Lamp Desk lamp Desk Light, Dimmable Warm White Light and RGB Color Changing Smart Atmosphere Lamp for $21.99 (list price $39.99)

Sterilite 19889804 70 Quart/ 66 Liter Ultra Latch Box, White Lid & Clear Base w/ Latches, 4-Pack for $35.99 (list price $90.00)

iRobot Roomba 650 Robotic Vacuum Cleaner for $322.84 (list price $374.99)

Hosley’s Leaf 16-Inch Candle Holder Wall Sconce Plaque with Tea Lights (Set of 2) for $19.98 (list price $39.99)

InnoGear 200ml Aromatherapy Essential Oil Diffuser, Wood Grain for $32.99 (list price $43.99)

Hookless RBH40BBS01 Snap-In Fabric Liner for Shower Curtains – White for $11.93 (list price $18.00)

O-Cedar Microfiber Cloth Mop with Extendable Handle for $16.99 (list price $19.99)

Puredown White Goose Feather and Down Pillow, Standard, Set of 2 for $34.90 (list price $59.99)

Zinus Upholstered Button Tufted Platform Bed with Wooden Slats, Queen for $203.53 (list price $249.00)

Dirt Devil SD20000RED Simpli-Stik Lightweight Bagless Stick Vacuum – Corded for $16.99 (list price $39.99)

simplehuman Profile Step Trash Can, Stainless Steel, 10 L / 2.6 Gal for $39.99

Hoover Steam Mop TwinTank Steam Cleaner WH20200 for $55.00 (list price $68.79)

Electrohome USB Charging Alarm Clock Radio with Time Projection, Battery Backup, Auto Time Set, Dual Alarm, 1.2″ LED Display for Smartphones & Tablets (EAAC475) for $28.96 (list price $34.99)

BISSELL Natural Sweep Dual Brush Sweeper, 92N0A (same as 92N0) for $22.78 (list price $28.48)

Celebrations Lighting G11GR2A1 Set of 7 Multi-color Christmas Bubble Lights with Green Wire for $10.99 (list price $21.99)

LitterMaid High Sided Litter Pan for $23.93 (list price $29.99)

Seville Classics Expandable Kitchen Counter and Cabinet Shelf for $14.99 (list price $19.99)

AmazonBasics 5-Shelf Shelving Unit on Wheels – Chrome for $48.99 (list price $54.99)

Queen Comforter Duvet Insert White – Hypoallergenic, Plush Siliconized Fiberfill, Box Stitched, Down Alternative Comforter, Protects Against Dust Mites and Allergens by Utopia Bedding for $38.99 (list price $69.99)

MixMart Waterproof Dog Pet Seat Cover for Cars and Trucks (Black) for $32.99 (list price $119.99)

Ettore 49036 Grip’n Grab Reach Tool, 32-Inch for $16.37 (list price $26.15)

Beige Hand Tufted 100% Wool Rug for $54.34 (list price $89.99)

Pleasant Hearth Log Holder with Canvas Tote Carrier for $59.66 (list price $83.52)

Craft Outlet Antique Star Wall Decor, 11-Inch, Red, Set of 2 for $11.50 (list price $29.51)

Simplicity Soft Plush Fuzzy Solid Colored Throw Blanket 42″x 60″, Warm Grey for $18.99 (list price $22.99)

simplehuman Round Step Trash Can, Stainless Steel, Plastic Lid, 30 L / 8 Gal for $39.99 (list price $49.99)

simplehuman Liner Rim Rectangular Step Trash Can with Liner Pocket, Stainless Steel, 45 Liter / 11.9 Gallon for $116.99 (list price $129.99)

HEALTH AND BEAUTY

PURELL Professional Surface Disinfectant Spray 32 oz, Fresh Citrus, RTU (Pack of 3) for $11.89 (list price $22.94)

PURELL Advanced Instant Hand Sanitizer – Travel Sized Jelly Wrap Portable Sanitizer Bottles, Scented – (1 oz, Pack of 8) for $7.89 (list price $15.00)

PURELL Advanced Instant Hand Sanitizer with Aloe, 1 Liter (Pack of 2) for $16.40 (list price $47.75)

Sharkk Basics Ionic Hair Curler with Advanced Ionic Technology Hot Brush and Ergonomic Design for $27.99 (list price $79.99)

English Laundry Lion’s Crest Styling Hair Gel, 8.5 oz. for $15.00 (list price $19.99)

English Laundry Lion’s Crest Pomade, 3 oz. for $15.00 (list price $19.99)

Acure 41 Marula Oil, 1fl. Oz for $10.04 (list price $15.99)

Mustela Belly and Bust Stretch Marks Survival Kit for $29.99 (list price $50.00)

Sparks Color Care Protecting Spray, Pear, 3.4 Ounce for $8.41 (list price $14.99)

NPW Duck Shower Cap for $7.26 (list price $14.99)

Sultra The Airlight Hair Dryer, Black for $55.30 (list price $149.00)

BodyVerde Waterless Shaving Cream Dry Shave Gel, 8-Ounce for $10.12 (list price $14.99)

Purell 9674-06-ECDECO Advanced Design Series Hand Sanitizer, 8 oz Bottles (Pack of 4) for $12.85 (list price $15.16)

PURELL Advanced Hand Sanitizer NATURALS 2oz Pump Bottle (Pack of 6) for $11.12 (list price $21.00)

Purell 9620-125ECIN Advanced Hand Sanitizer Singles (125 Count) for $11.82 (list price $25.00)

Listerine Cool Mint Listerine Antiseptic Mouthwash (2 X 1.5lt) for $18.99 (list price $17.99)

ALEX Spa Fun Mix and Make Up Lip Shimmer for $11.00 (list price $22.00)

Corewill Nail Clippers Set Stainless Steel Personal Manicure & Pedicure Travel & Grooming Kit 12 in 1 for $9.99 (list price $19.99)

Aveeno Skin Relief Body Wash – Fragrance Free – 18 oz – 2 pk for $13.42 (list price $17.45)

Aveeno Body Wash – Hydrating – 16 oz – 2 pk for $15.85 (list price $13.85)

Neutrogena Deep Clean Oil, Free Makeup Remover Wipes – 25 ct – 2 pk for $12.62 (list price $16.20)

Neutrogena Hydrating Eye Makeup Remover Lotion – 3 oz – 2 pk for $12.80 (list price $17.06)

Neutrogena Makeup Remover Cleansing Towelettes, 25 ct, 2 Pack for $18.22 (list price $18.19)

Body Oil, Original, 8.5 oz, 2 pk for $16.00 (list price $21.25)

Neutrogena Triple Moisture Daily Deep Conditioner – 8.5 oz – 2 pk for $14.60 (list price $12.59)

Neutrogena Micro-Mist Tanning Sunless Spray-5.3 oz, 2 pack for $23.29 (list price $19.75)

Neutrogena Ultra Sheer Dry-Touch Sunscreen SPF 45 – 2 ct – 2 pk for $28.29 (list price $24.79)

Neutrogena Pure & Free Liquid Daily Sunscreen SPF 50, 1.40 oz for $14.82 (list price $11.85)

Clean & Clear Deep Action Cream Cleanser Sensitive Skin, 6.5 oz, 2 pk for $11.90 (list price $10.89)

Reskin Solution Monday To Sunday One Week Treatment Sheet Mask 7pcs pack-Contains 25g of essence for $15.99 (list price $19.99)

Philips Norelco Electric Shaver 2100, S1560/81 for $29.95 (list price $39.99)

Braun Series 7 790cc-4 Electric Foil Shaver for Men with Clean and Charge Station, Electric Men’s Razor, Razors, Shavers, Cordless Shaving System for $158.74 (list price $289.99)

Thermal Spray Laminate by 1790 Infused with Jojoba Oil Instant Brilliant Shine for Dry, Dull or Damaged Hair. Prevent damage during hot styling-Smooth, refine frizzy & fried ends, dries clear (8oz) for $11.99 (list price $19.99)

NOTS Comfort Cleansing Oil for $25.00 (list price $42.00)

NOTS Lip Repairing Balm for $10.00 (list price $15.00)

ELEMIS Sweet Orchid Body Cream, 6.7 fl. oz. for $31.50 (list price $42.00)

TONYMOLY Pandas Dream So Cool Eye Stick, 1.4 Ounce for $8.33 (list price $8.99)

Innisfree No Sebum Mineral Powder 5g for $6.17 (list price $8.60)

TONYMOLY Peach Anti Aging Hand Cream for $3.82 (list price $5.99)

The Face Shop Lovely ME:EX Dessert Lip Balm 1 Strawberry for $7.98 (list price $9.00)

OFFICE, SCHOOL, AND CRAFTS

Laptop Backpack, Evecase Lightweight Nylon Water Resistant Multipurpose Laptop Backpack – fits up to 15.6-inch Laptop – Black for $29.99 (list price $89.99)

Prismacolor Premier Colored Pencils, Soft Core, 72-Count for $32.88 (list price $147.50)

Eparon 40 Piece Gel Pen Set for $7.99 (list price $14.99)

Paper Mate Flair Felt Tip Pens, Medium Point, Limited Edition Tropical & Assorted Colors, 24 Pack for $17.01 (list price $20.02)

Sharpie Permanent Markers, Ultra Fine Point, Assorted Colors, 24-Count for $10.49 (list price $35.38)

Uni-Ball Uni-Ball Elite Rollerball Stick Pens, Micro Point, Black Ink, 12-Count for $14.45 (list price $38.49)

EXPO Neon Dry Erase Markers, Bullet Tip, Assorted Colors, 5-Count for $5.26 (list price $11.49)

Swingline Paper Trimmer / Cutter, Guillotine, 12″ Cut Length, 10 Sheet Capacity, ClassicCut Lite (9312) for $26.41 (list price $31.78)

Uni-Ball KuruToga 0.7mm Mechanical Pencil Starter Set for $5.62 (list price $7.36)

EXPO Low-Odor Dry Erase Markers, Fine Tip, Assorted Colors, 8-Count for $6.22 (list price $11.49)

Prismacolor Premier Verithin Colored Pencils, 36-Count for $16.18 (list price $31.35)

TaoTronics Metal LED Desk Lamp (Table Lamps For Bedrooms, Aircraft-grade Aluminum Alloy,Stylish Fully Touch-sensitive Control Desk Light, Multiple Color Temperatures Lamps For Living Room) for $29.99 (list price $69.99)

Sharpie Accent Gel Highlighter, Assorted Colors, 5-Count for $6.90 (list price $11.66)

Scotch Bubble Mailer, 10.5 x 15.25-Inches, Size #5, 25-Pack for $12.88 (list price $15.58)

Duck Brand Commercial Grade Packaging Tape, 1.88-Inch x 54.6 Yards, 6 Rolls per Pack, Clear (240053) for $8.57 (list price $13.99)

Sharpie Permanent Markers, Fine Point, Assorted Neon Colors, 5-Count for $5.77 (list price $11.75)

HP OfficeJet Pro 8710 Wireless All-in-One Photo Printer with Mobile Printing, Instant Ink ready (M9L66A) for $117.92 (list price $199.99)

Avery Margin Ultra Tabs, 2.5″ x 1″, 24 Repositionable Tabs, Two-Side Writable, Pink/Green/Orange (74767) for $3.99 (list price $5.00)

Sharpie Permanent Markers, Fine Point, Assorted Neon Colors, 5-Count for $5.77 (list price $11.75)

Prismacolor Col-Erase Erasable Colored Pencils, 12-Count for $7.89 (list price $9.49)

Mr. Sketch Scented Twistable Crayons, Assorted Colors, 18-Count for $8.66 (list price $14.29)

Mid-Back Black Leather Swivel Task Chair with Nylon Arms for $47.26 (list price $109.99)

Paper Mate InkJoy Gel Pen, Medium Point, Dark Blue, 12 Count for $16.82 (list price $22.28)

Bankers Box Stor/File Decorative Storage Boxes, Letter/Legal, 10 x 12 x 15 Inches, Brocade, 4 Pack (0022705) for $12.92 (list price $40.68)

Paper Mate InkJoy 100RT Retractable Ballpoint Pens, Medium Point, Assorted, 20 Pack (1951396) for $7.47 (list price $10.64)

Sharpie Pen, Fine Point, Assorted Colors, 6-Count for $7.59 (list price $8.94)

Marigold 9″ Pouch Thermal Laminator 2-Roller Laminating Machine (LM905) for $18.41 (list price $26.60)

Sharpie Permanent Markers, Broad, Chisel Tip, 12-Pack, Blue (38203) for $7.83 (list price $15.49)

OUTDOORS, GARDEN, GAMES, AND SPORTS

Etekcity Portable Outdoor LED Camping Lantern with 6 AA Batteries, Collapsible, Black, 2 Count for $12.99 (list price $25.99)

Thames & Kosmos Geckobot Wall Climbing Robot for $39.96 (list price $49.95)

URPOWER Dog Bowls Stainless Steel Dog Bowl with No Spill Non-Skid Silicone Mat 24 oz Feeder Bowl Pet Bowl for Dogs Cats and Small Pets for $22.99 (list price $35.99)

GU Original Sports Nutrition Energy Gel, Assorted Flavors, 24-Count for $26.99 (list price $34.80)

PEDIGREE DENTASTIX Large Dog Chew Treats, Original, 40 Treats Net Wt 943g (2.08lb) for $11.96 (list price $16.99)

Perfect Fitness Multi-Gym Doorway Pull Up Bar and Portable Gym System, Pro for $33.99 (list price $39.99)

Olympus Foam Float Strap, 202212, Red for $11.49 (list price $19.99)

American Red Cross ARCCR100R-DBL Clipray the Crank-Powered, Clip-On Flashlight and Smartphone Charger (2 Pack), Red for $17.94 (list price $24.99)

Magformers Magnetic Building Construction Set – 62 Piece Designer Set for $71.18 (list price $99.99)

Amzdeal Resistance Bands Set with Door Anchor, Handle, Ankle Strap, Resistance Tube Band for Fitness for $18.99 (list price $28.99)

Gilmour 572TFR Commercial Insulated Grip Nozzle with Threaded Front, Red for $7.40 (list price $14.99)

Wilker Brightest 1000 Lumen XML-T6 Tactical LED Flashlight with 5 Light Mode, Zoomable Focus, Water Resistant, Rechargeable 18650 battery and Charger, Professional Portable Handheld Flashlight for $15.99 (list price $29.99)

Solar Lights,URPOWER 2-in-1 Waterproof 4 LED Solar Spotlight Adjustable Wall Light Landscape Light Security Lighting Dark Sensing Auto On/Off for Patio Deck Yard Garden Driveway Pool Area(2 Pack) for $28.99 (list price $39.99)

AquaSprouts Garden for $144.95 (list price $169.95)

LEGO Technic 42054 CLAAS XERION 5000 TRAC VC Building Kit (1977 Piece) for $129.99 (list price $179.99)

Air-Trekkers Extreme Model – Carbon Fiber Spring Jumping Stilts – Small, 120-160 lbs for $299.99 (list price $329.99)

Mountain House, Just In Case… Classic Emergency Food Bucket for $54.86 (list price $85.99)

Sharkk ²O Bluetooth Speaker Wireless Waterproof Speaker IP67 Outdoor Weatherproof Shower Beach and Pool Speaker for $49.99 (list price $99.99)

Flexible Flyer Steel Runner Sled, 60-inch for $78.00 (list price $99.99)

Loving Pets Pure Buffalo 6-Inch Bully Stick Dog Treat, 6-Pack for $9.01 (list price $11.99)

Intex Pull-out Sofa Inflatable Bed, 76″ X 87″ X 26″, Queen for $53.72 (list price $74.99)

Fisher-Price Power Wheels Tough Talking Jeep Wrangler for $240.00 (list price $299.99)

Coleman ComfortSmart Deluxe Cot for $59.00 (list price $75.79)

Grey – 26oz Refresh2go Curve Water Filter Bottle with Grip for $6.47 (list price $7.99)

PetPeek Fence Window for Pets for $31.76 (list price $38.77)

Sandusky Lee CW3418 Muscle Carts Steel Utility Garden Wagon, 400 lb. Load Capacity, 21-3/4″ Height x 34″ Length x 18″ Width for $78.90 (list price $113.99)

Black Gold 1302040 4-Quart All Organic Potting Soil for $7.24 (list price $12.99)

TOOLS

EcoSmart ECO 27 Electric Tankless Water Heater, 27 KW at 240 Volts, 112.5 Amps with Patented Self Modulating Technology for $336.00 (list price $569.00)

StatGear SPVZ-BLK SuperVizor XT Auto Escape Tool, Black for $8.22 (list price $9.99)

3M Indoor Window Insulator Kit, 5-Window for $11.83 (list price $22.54)

3M Indoor Patio Door Insulator Kit, 1-Patio Door for $7.92 (list price $19.99)

3M Interior Transparent Weather Sealing Tape, 1.5-Inch by 10-Yard for $3.49 (list price $6.29)

Duck Brand 240180 Clean Release Painter’s Tape, 0.94 Inches by 60 Yards, Blue, 3-Pack of Rolls for $9.77 (list price $11.99)

DEWALT DCK285C2 20-Volt MAX Li-Ion Compact 1.5 Ah Hammer Drill and Impact Combo Kit for $199.00 (list price $299.00)

Master Lock 4688DRED TSA Accepted Cable Luggage Lock, Red for $5.90 (list price $9.21)

DEWALT DWE4887 1-1/2-Inch (40mm) Die Grinder for $109.00 (list price $149.00)

IRWIN Tools 9-in-1 Multi-Tool Screwdriver (2051100) for $8.64 (list price $16.15)

IRWIN Tools Combination Square, Metal-Body, 6-Inch (1794468) for $7.56 (list price $12.28)

STANLEY STMT73795 Mixed Tool Set, 210-Piece for $89.00 (list price $99.00)

Etekcity Wireless Remote Control Electrical Outlet Switch for Household Appliances, White (Fixed Code, 3Rx-1Tx) for $16.98 (list price $26.99)

DEWALT DCK292L2 20-Volt MAX Li-Ion 3.0 Ah Hammer Drill and Reciprocating Saw Combo Kit for $299.00 (list price $349.00)

Affresh Washer Machine Cleaner, 6-Tablets, 8.4 oz for $10.79 (list price $13.98)

Keter 17182239 Folding Compact Workbench Work Table, 21.7 x 33.5 x 29.75 Inches for $77.10 (list price $109.99)

Pac-Kit by First Aid Only 6060 57 Piece #10 ANSI First Aid Kit, Weatherproof Plastic Case for $12.99 (list price $18.66)

WEN 2305 Rotary Tool Kit with Flex Shaft for $22.83 (list price $69.99)

BLACK+DECKER BDCS40BI 4V MAX Lithium Pivot Screwdriver for $29.99 (list price $35.44)

ThruNite Ti3 EDC Cree XP-G2 R5 AAA Torch Max120 Lumens LED Flashlight, Mini, Cool White for $15.95 (list price $19.95)

Little Giant Alta One 22 Foot Ladder with Work Platform (250-lb. Weight Rating, Type 1 14016-104) for $216.33 (list price $379.00)

Stanley FatMax 14-563 9-7/8-Inch Straight Cut Aviation Snip for $8.89 (list price $14.04)

IRWIN HANSON Spiral Flute Screw Extractors, 6 Piece Set, 53545 for $11.40 (list price $14.39)

Waste King Legend Series 3/4 HP Continuous Feed Operation Garbage Disposer – (L-3300) for $120.18 (list price $278.00)

Irwin Industrial Tools 2078108 8-Inch GrooveLock Pliers for $8.30 (list price $20.64)

Stanley 33-115 10-Foot-by-1/4-Inch PowerLock Pocket Tape Rule for $4.79 (list price $9.75)

Jackson Safety V30 Nemesis Safety Glasses (25688), Smoke Mirror with Black Frame, 12 Pairs / Case for $47.21 (list price $72.11)


November 2, 2016 – 12:27pm

Amazon Product Id: 
B00BM0ELO8

Coral and Algae Have Been Friends for 212 Million Years

Image credit: 
Nick Hobgood via Wikimedia Commons // CC BY-SA 3.0

Some classics were just made to go together. Peanut butter and chocolate. Thanksgiving dinner and stretch pants. Scleractinian corals and dinoflagellate algae. And boy, do those two go way back—scientists looking at fossils say the two have been cohabiting since at least about 212 million years ago, in the Late Triassic Period. The researchers published their report today in the journal Science Advances.

Happy, healthy coral is essential for a happy, healthy reef. To stay happy and healthy, many modern corals have forged super close relationships with teeny algae called zooxanthellae. The corals give the algae a safe place to live and the chemical components for photosynthesis, while the algae make oxygen, keep the water clean, and produce all kinds of helpful nutrients. The pair really have a good thing going.

But just how long it’s been going on has been anybody’s guess. Previous studies on the pair’s relationship have been largely speculative, using data from modern-day corals to imagine their ancestors’ world.

Now, two new scientific techniques, one visual and one chemical, have allowed us to get a far more accurate picture of coral history.

Earlier this year, lead author Katarzyna Frankowiak and a number of her co-authors reported that they’d figured out how to tell if a fossilized hard coral had been in a relationship with algae. The trick, they said, is to look very closely at the coral’s skeleton to see how it had grown and aged. Even when the algae itself was long gone, its presence had left irrevocable (if microscopic) changes in the coral’s life.

For the new study, the researchers applied this technique to tiny samples of fossilized hard corals found near the former Tethys Sea in Turkey. They used a variety of high-powered microscopes to examine the fossils in the most minute of detail and found that the skeletons of these ancient, ancient samples looked a lot like those of modern symbiotic hard corals.

Algae activity (brown dots in the tissue, upper left image) is recorded in the coral skeleton as structural (growth bands; upper right image) and geochemical signatures. Such regular growth bands occur in Upper Triassic (ca. 220 Ma) scleractinian corals (lower images) as well. Image Credit: Isabelle Domart-Coulon (upper left), Jarosław Stolarski (upper right, and lower images)

The second new method concerned the corals’ chemical composition. The experience of living with algae alters a coral’s very molecules, changing the ratio of various oxygen, carbon, and nitrogen isotopes. And just as with the visual inspection, analysis of the fossil corals’ isotopes suggested that they’d been sharing their lives with zooxanthellae.

Analyzing the coral isotopes yielded another insight: the sea in which these buddies lived was likely in pretty poor condition. The fossil corals shared a similar ratio of nitrogen isotopes with modern symbiotic Bermuda corals, which are currently struggling in nutrient-starved waters. It’s possible, the researchers say, that these difficult conditions were what inspired the algae and the corals to band together in the first place.


November 2, 2016 – 2:30pm

How You Sleep May Be Genetic

Image credit: 
iStock

Science knows a few things about the function of sleep: It makes you feel better, regenerates your cells, consolidates aspects of memory, and may flush waste from the brain. However, sleep researchers have remained largely in the dark about the genetic underpinnings of this most basic behavior. New research on mice published today in Nature, however, indicates that your insomnia, need for extra-long slumber, and the number of dreams you have might be written into your genetic code.

Sleep scientists have previously determined the brain regions responsible for switching between non-dreaming sleep—NREMS (non rapid eye movement sleep)—and dreaming sleep—REMS—but they did not yet understand the molecular and cellular mechanisms that determine a mammal’s likely switch between the two types of sleep.

To determine this, neuroscientists Hiromasa Funato (University of Tsukuba), Masashi Yanagisawa (University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center), and their colleagues looked at the sleep patterns of more than 8000 mice, using a technique known as forward genetic screening. Their method involved first identifying a mouse family that showed a particular heritable sleep abnormality, such as extreme wakefulness, non-REM sleep, or excessive muscle activity during sleep. Next, they identified the gene mutation that caused the sleep abnormality, and induced these mutations by breeding the mice that showed the irregular genes. This created “a mutant pedigree,” as the authors state in the Nature paper.

In order to study sleep and wakefulness time, the mutant mice were attached to electrodes to record electroencephalogram (EEG) and electromyogram (EMG) data 24 hours a day for two consecutive days. The researchers narrowed down their findings into two types of mice: “Sleepy” mice were those that slept more than 3.5 hours longer than the average of all mice, while “Dreamless” mice experienced 44 percent less REM sleep than normal. (They’re not entirely “dreamless.”)

The “Sleepy” mice all had a mutation in a gene known as Sik3, a kinase that transfers a phosphate group to another protein called a substrate. The Sik3 gene, Funato told mental_floss, “is the first intracellular protein that regulates time spent in sleep.” The researchers believe that the Sleepy mutation in Sik3 increases the animal’s intrinsic sleep need, because, as they write in their paper, “Sleepy mutant mice exhibit (1) a higher density of slow-wave activity, a reliable index of homeostatic sleep need; (2) a larger increase in NREMS delta power after sleep deprivation; and (3) a normal waking response to behavioural or pharmacological arousal stimuli.”

Nalcn, the second gene mutation, showed up in the “Dreamless” mice. The paper’s authors write, “Nalcn works in the neuronal groups regulating REMS for the maintenance and termination of REMS episodes.” Nalcn “encodes an ion channel,” says Funato. “When the channel opens, ions can move through the channel between extracellular space and intracellular area.” This gene, he says, “is the first protein that is involved in the termination of an REM sleep episode.” An episode is one “sleep sequence,” of which the average mouse and human has approximately four to six per night.

“The current results suggest there is some genetic factors that determines how long we need to sleep,” Funato says. Of course, what is good for the mouse is not necessarily good for the human. “The genes we found in mice have not been reported in humans,” he notes.

Now, however, scientists have a window into understanding how genetics contributes to sleep—a window that can eventually be used to screen and identify human sleep genes, particularly in order to better understand and treat sleep disorders. Insomnia, for example, is closely associated with mood disorders, as well as one of many risk factors for obesity, diabetes, and dementia.

“This finding is just the first step of the thousand miles’ journey to crack open the mystery of sleep,” Funato concludes.


November 2, 2016 – 2:25pm

How Chipmunks and Striped Mice Got Their Adorable Stripes

Image credit: 

Oleksii Voronin via Wikimedia Commons // CC BY-SA 3.0

Scientists say they’ve found the genetic origin of stripes in chipmunks and other mice. They published their findings today in the journal Nature.

Cute though they may be, rodents’ stripes are hardly ornamental. Like a jaguar’s rosettes or a peppered moth’s sooty wings, stripes evolved to allow their bearers to vanish into their surroundings. On a large scale, we understand how these patterns came about: animals with camouflage markings survived and bred, while those without died out. On a smaller scale, we’ve still got a lot to learn.

To zoom in on the specific genetics of mammal stripes, an international team of scientists decided to take a very close look at the four-striped grass mouse (Rhabdomys pumilio), a resilient little rodent that spends its days munching seeds in southern Africa.

J. F. Broekhuis

The scientists first examined the individual hairs that form each mouse’s stripes. They found three distinct types: light hairs, with black bases and unpigmented hair shafts; black hairs, which were dark from base to tip; and banded hairs, with black bases and yellow shafts. All three hair types were found in both dark and light stripes, albeit in different proportions: dark stripes simply had a lot more black hairs, while light stripes were mostly light hairs.

Next, they bred baby grass mice in the lab, tracking the appearance of their skin and fur as they grew from embryos to pups. They found that just 19 days after fertilization, the length of the rodents’ fur began to vary over the areas that would one day be striped. Three days later, the embryos’ skin started to lighten in the same places that light-striped fur would later appear. At birth, the mouse pups’ coats showed variation in both hair length and skin color. Two days after that, their characteristic stripes were clearly visible.

To understand what was causing these shifts, the researchers scanned the rodents’ genomes at all four points in development. They found that, as early as day 19 of embryonic development, a gene called ALX3 was showing up on the embryos’ backs in the same sites where the light stripes would one day appear. 

The researchers learned that ALX3 was kind of a bully to a pigment cell–producing protein called microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF). Wherever ALX3 appeared, pigment production was repressed, leading to very pale cells, which in turn led to light stripes.

Furthermore, the team found that the same mechanism—ALX3 smothering MITF activity—appears in similarly striped Eastern chipmunks (Tamias striatus). While mice and chipmunks are both members of the rodent family, their last common ancestor lived around 70 million years ago. The fact that two such distinct species share a similar stripe backstory suggests to the researchers that this useful genetic trick may have evolved a number of times across the mammal family tree—a phenomenon known as convergent evolution.


November 2, 2016 – 2:15pm

12 Books You Should Drop Everything and Read This November

filed under: books
Image credit: 
iStock

As the temperature drops, the thought of staying inside with a good book becomes more and more appealing. With that in mind, we’re happy to suggest a few titles, including a holiday-themed book of essays, a classic adventure novel, and an in-depth look at processed food.

1. BLUE HIGHWAYS, BY WILLIAM LEAST-HEAT MOON

After his marriage crumbled and he lost his job, William Least-Heat Moon embarked on an ambling 10,000-mile journey around the U.S. using only the lesser-traveled highways and byways that appeared in blue on his old Rand McNally map. His account of the journey is filled with colorful characters—including a couple building a houseboat together, and a former Brooklyn police officer turned rural monk—who altogether paint an odd and wondrous picture that is unmistakably American. A deeply personal work, Blue Highways is also about Least-Heat Moon’s search for all things good and essential. “A man who couldn’t make things go right could at least go,” the author writes. Anyone feeling a sense of wanderlust can take refuge in this book.

2. HOLIDAYS ON ICE, BY DAVID SEDARIS

Amidst all the schmaltz and consumerism of the holidays, it’s refreshing to read about a disgruntled department store elf. That saga, one of several in this collection of personal essays that gleefully hacks away at the magic of the season, tells of Sedaris’ brief stint at Macy’s. It’s a classic for the author’s fans, and full of the dry, cutting humor that’s made him so popular. Also included in the collection: A pointed critique of an elementary school pageant, and a story about rescuing a prostitute on Christmas Day. Happy holidays, everybody!

3. THE LATHE OF HEAVEN, BY URSULA K. LEGUIN

George Orr is a very ordinary man with a very powerful ability: His dreams can alter reality. Rather than embrace his gift, though, Orr self-medicates to keep the dreams at bay. A sleep researcher named William Haber offers to help, but ends up harnessing George’s ability to dramatically change the world while enriching himself at the same time. LeGuin’s depiction of shifting realities, including unsettling visions of world peace and a world without racism, are thought-provoking, while the tȇte-à-tȇte between Orr and Haber keeps the plot tight, the pages turning.

4. THE TRIAL, BY FRANZ KAFKA

Two agents arrest a man on his birthday and take him to a makeshift courtroom to stand trial. Who are the agents? What are the charges? Don’t expect a resolution from Kafka, who’s more interested in the tension that comes from trying to make sense of the senseless. David Lynch fans will revel in the book’s many unsettling, dreamlike sequences, like when the protagonist, K., stumbles upon a side room where the two agents are being punished for soliciting bribes. It’s all very strange, which is entirely the point. Like any vivid dream, you just need to go with it.

5. RAGTIME, BY E.L. DOCTOROW

Doctorow reimagines 20th-century iconoclasts Harry Houdini, J.P. Morgan, and Henry Ford in this raucous and moving page-turner. The author, who passed away last year, took a lot of criticism from history buffs, who objected to Houdini having an Oedipus complex and J.P. Morgan’s twisted obsession with immortality, among other revisions. But while he may have fudged the details, Doctorow captured the spirit of a diverse, rapidly industrializing nation speeding towards the future. The lengthy set piece that ends the book, inspired by the early 19th-century work Michael Kohlhaas, feels especially timely in light of police protests and the Black Lives Matter movement.

6. SALT, SUGAR, FAT, BY MICHAEL MOSS

Don’t let the upbeat name and cheerful mascot fool you: Behind that box of breakfast cereal, a political and marketing war rages. Moss, an investigative reporter with The New York Times, examines the inner workings of the processed food industry, focusing on three key ingredients that make these wonders of technology so appealing—and in many cases, so unhealthy. Highlights in this impressively researched book include a history of Lunchables, the wildly popular kids’ meal developed as a way to sell more Oscar Mayer bologna, and a behind-the-scenes look at the world’s largest salt provider.

7. A PROBLEM FROM HELL: AMERICA AND THE AGE OF GENOCIDE, BY SAMANTHA POWER

Power, who serves as the U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations, believes that the U.S. could have—and should have—done more to condemn and prevent genocide in countries around the world. After reading her detailed accounting of mass killings in Cambodia, Rwanda, and the former Yugoslavia, among other places, it’s hard to disagree. Military intervention isn’t always the answer, as Power points out. Even deeming these atrocities “genocide”—something the U.S. has failed to do in the past—has a significant impact. Whether you agree with her or not, A Problem From Hell is worth reading as a history lesson on how countries can slip into chaos.

8. WHITE TEETH, BY ZADIE SMITH

Insanely ambitious is one way to describe the debut novel from British author Smith, who zips through time and an array of different character perspectives in her examination of immigration and identity. The book centers on two aging war buddies living in London, Archie Jones and Samal Iqbal, whose lives have turned out to be less than they’d hoped. Smith examines these men, their wives and children, and throws in a third family, the Chalfens, for good measure. The diversity of voices is wildly entertaining but also very focused. And the way Smith draws together the seemingly disparate plot strands speaks to her immense talent.

9. THE DOOR, BY MAGDA SZABO

First published in Hungary in 1987, this novel endured a long road to its eventual translation and publication for American audiences. The wait was definitely worthwhile. The story centers on a writer, also named Magda, who recounts her relationship with her enigmatic housekeeper, Emerence, many years in the past. Separated by class, age, and education, the women develop a complicated relationship that brings them—and the reader—closer to Emerence’s secrets. Szabo, who died in 2007 and wrote this book at the height of her literary powers, crafted something subtle and haunting that plot summary alone can’t convey. It’s a book that explores hidden lives and a country’s troubling past.

10. GHOST IN THE WIRES, BY KEVIN MITNICK

These days, Mitnick lives a comfortable existence as a digital security consultant. But before that, he was one of the world’s most wanted hackers. Mitnick revisits his heyday in the ’80s and early ’90s, when he regularly infiltrated corporations like Novell and Sun Microsystems, and the ensuing cat-and-mouse game he played with authorities leading up to his arrest in 1995. That his adventures unfolded in the days of dial-up internet and even before make Mitnick’s story all the more suspenseful, since securing sensitive information often required social savvy and a flair for the theatrical in addition to all those deft key strokes.

11. SALVAGE THE BONES, BY JESMYN WARD

In the wake of a tragedy like Hurricane Katrina, it’s easy to reduce the lives of those affected to symbols of love, faith, endurance, and so on. Ward’s luminous novel reminds us of the full, beating hearts that existed before and during the storm. The book follows 14-year-old Esch, a budding lover of literature, and her family in the days leading up to the hurricane. Confounding stereotypes at every turn, and fully rooted in Esch’s earnest voice, Salvage the Bones unfolds as a series of vignettes that are raw and surprising, and that carry the weight of contemporary myth. When the storm finally hits, it hits with a fury that could only come from one who was there, as Ward was.

12. THE MYSTERIOUS ISLAND, BY JULES VERNE

After escaping a Confederate prison via makeshift hot-air balloon, five men and a dog named Top end up stranded on an island in the South Pacific (don’t think too hard about the logistics). Verne, who published his book in 1874, weaves a compelling story of survival as the characters learn to scrape by and eventually thrive in their new habitat. There’s a mystery afoot, too, as the title indicates, and a battle with bloodthirsty pirates—all the hallmarks of a great adventure yarn, in other words.


November 2, 2016 – 2:00pm

Happier Schools Produce Better Grades, Research Finds

Image credit: 
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When it comes to helping students succeed in school, academic factors like curriculum and teacher quality are only part of the puzzle. How happy and unified the school feels as a community has a big impact too, according to a study in the Review of Educational Research recently reported by NPR. Happy schools, it turns out, produce better students, even accounting for socioeconomic differences.

Israeli and U.S. researchers analyzed 78 studies on school climate published between 2000 and 2015 to study the links between school climate, socioeconomic factors, and academic achievement. “School climate” encompasses the personality of the school, including how well its students, teachers, and administrators work together.

As one example of a happy school environment, NPR describes an elementary school where each morning starts with an all-school assembly that includes a dance party, birthday celebrations, a “Student of the Day” award, and learning about a different international city. Positive schools “see themselves as vehicles to change society”—as study co-author Ron Avi Astor told NPR—”that these kids are going to go out and not just reflect where they came from and who they are, but change all that.”

The study [PDF] found that positive school climates—where there’s a mutual sense of respect and support between all the students, parents, and employees, and a communal sense of engagement with educational goals—do raise grades, and not just in wealthy areas. Sure, a yoga-centric school in Beverly Hills might have a positive climate, but so can a public school where most of the students receive free lunch. Indeed, schools with more positive environments tended to offset the negative impact that lower socioeconomic status has on academic achievement, according to the study.

Unfortunately, what constitutes a positive school environment is hard to pin down from a scientific standpoint. And without a clear definition of what makes a positive school, it’s a little hard to help schools move in that direction. Still, in the U.S., where educational policy is geared toward raising student grades, it’s pretty important that educators realize that creating an environment where everyone at the school is happy and excited about learning can be just as important to academic achievement goals as reworking the math curriculum.

[h/t NPR]


November 2, 2016 – 1:30pm