Category: Science

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A Scientist Thinks the Earth Is Actually Two Planets Fused Together After Colliding

Just when you thought you knew how the world works, science throws something new at you.

There’s a ton of great research coming out of PhD programs these days–new discoveries and new ideas.

One such researcher is Qian Yuan from the School of Earth and Space Exploration at Arizona State University.

His research suggests that parts of the Earth are not actually Earth at all.

His team’s research was presented at the 52nd Lunar and Planetary Science Conference this past March.

For years it has been widely believed that a proto-planet called Theia helped to form life as we know it.

According to Popular Mechanics:

In 2016, UCLA researchers proposed that Earth could actually be two planets that fused together after colliding: itself and Theia. At the time, scientists said they believe the two planetary masses mixed together uniformly. Now, Qian Yuan of Arizona State University and his colleagues suggest the mysterious dense spots in Earth’s interior are the specific pieces of Theia that are still intact.

Theia is thought to be very similar in size and structure to Mars.

Scientists also believe that the Earth’s Moon may have formed during this impact.

You might remember from science class that the Earth is made up of 3 layers: the crust, the mantle, and the core.

The mantle itself is also made up of layers of varying density, and is at the center of Yuan’s research.

In some cases, there are massive pockets that are more dense, called “Large Low Shear Velocity Provinces” or (LLSVPs).

I honestly don’t understand most of Yuan’s science-related tweets, but he compares the Earth to chocolate, which is always a language I can understand:

The team did a lot of math, and they have been able to compare the objects of their study with the mantle on Mars, which can be examined in the form of meteorites that have landed on Earth–over 100 of them.

What the researchers found is that:

“The total mass of the moon, together with the LLSVPs, is almost perfectly matched with [Mars’s] mantle.”

Unlike the original supposition that the two planets fused completely, Yuan’s team believe that the heavier Theia material sank into the deepest part of the Earth’s mantle, closest to the core, and there it stayed, like the gritty dregs at the bottom of a cup of coffee.

Popular Mechanics explains it this way:

How have the dense Theia materials stayed intact for billions of years?

It’s a function of the way Earth’s mantle works, where convection circulates materials that are a certain temperature and density.

The Theia materials are so dense that they sank and never floated back into the convection zone.

Think of this like the stuff that accumulates in a sharp corner that’s hard to reach with the vacuum cleaner.

So now you know. The Earth is like an Easter candy egg with a vacuum cleaner hidden deep inside.

And even though Mars feels very far away, we are all technically walking on a foreign world.

Did Yuan’s research completely blow your mind like it did mine? ? Tell us in the comments.

The post A Scientist Thinks the Earth Is Actually Two Planets Fused Together After Colliding appeared first on UberFacts.

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People Discuss What They’d Look Up If They Could Go to the Future

As someone who’s super interested in science and what it means for society, I look to the future with a combination of awe and dread.

Awe because of all the incredible possibilities technological advancements might bring to humanity, dread because the same scientific process that brings us those advancements is also warning us constantly that broadly speaking, we’re on a path to destruction.

So, given the opportunity to peek into the future, what might I do?

For five minutes you get transported 30 years into the future, you sit in front of a computer, what information to you look up? from AskReddit

Let’s see what the big brains at Reddit think.

1. Year by year.

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021.

If possible, I’d try to save that file and send it to my phone.

Probably do that for 2022 all the way to 2051.

– petrichorInk

2. The list.

Biggest companies founded in the 2020s

List of presidents

And major world events

Three tabs, three google searches and hopefully a pen to write them on my hand and hope it transfers back

– MovingOnward2089

3. Taking stock.

Google 4-5 stocks that went to the moon, and etch that sh*t into your arms along with 5-10 duds. Who cares if you come home with 2nd-grade Pencil War Day injuries, you’re about to theoretically live forever.

Snap a few photos of the injuries, and go to the police to report being jumped by a homeless guy that held you down and etched some weird sh*t into you under threat of death while reciting latin. Now you have a cover story for then the SEC wants to know how you knew BCRX and four other stocks were going to the moon. “A homeless guy carved it into me, and honestly, I took it as a sign.”

Now produce tapes of the therapy where you rationalize it to your therapist as a coping mechanism and the therapist tells you that you’re absolutely not handling the trauma well. “I also dropped all this money into these stocks that were meh, so I guess I just got lucky.” Don’t finger any of the guys they bring into a lineup because 1, that’s gross, and 2, that’s mean, but let it slide as an unsolved case.

– HotHamWaterBath

4. Sports ball?

I’ve always wondered if “If you could go into the future, what would you look up blah blah” questions were answered with “sports scores” prior to BttF 2. It is the WRONG answer. So were people always wrong, or did the movie start that trend?

Even extremely rare horse bets pay out like what, 50:1?

With a single winning lottery ticket you can turn $1 into $300million.

– utspg1980

5. Finally!

See if GTA VI came out yet.

– szmatt0628

6. Rumors of wars.

Who won WW3 and to see if top sites like Reddit and Youtube survived

– redditorseth

7. The opportunist.

Look up the biggest financial fiasco in the last thirty years.

You now know how to get on the ground floor of something that’s going to make a bunch of people really rich and the exact knowledge of when you can get out without getting wrapped up in the aftermath.

– Joss_Card

8. My fate.

I’d check to see when/if I died.

I’m 59, now, and the oldest men in my family history last to about 85. My son-in-law works pretty hard on our family tree so I’m pretty sure he’d update it if me or my wife died.

It’d be a pretty quick check.

– 1tacoshort

9. Live in the moment, in the future.

I think I might look at social media et al to see what people are nostalgic about and miss from 30 years ago and try to enjoy it more when I go back.

– Waffuly

10. Take it all.

B*tch. I’d steal the computer.

Who wouldn’t want a computer 30 years more advanced than anything we have right now.

A library computer would probably be more powerful than any gaming laptop we have now

– Nauticalfish200

11. Why limit yourself?

I’ll just take my 8 TB drive and copy the entire content of Wikipedia to it, return to my timeline and spend the next 20 hours reading it and making a fortune by the second

– keima99

12. Yeah, except…

You need, at minimum:

• A compatible port (my guess is the average computer will have 0 ports by then)
• An OS that has driver support for a 30 year old drive
• An OS that has a file system that works with your drive
• An OS that has has support for physical external drives at all
• Data Bloat to have not rendered 8TB unhelpful.
• Wikipedia to have avoided, for three decades, the sh*tty trend of of making internet content sh*tty java nonsense that can’t easily by indexed.

This plan is not going to work.

– TheGlennDavid

13. Out of order.

not in any order:

stocks, US Presidents, sport events, bitcoin, which area has been nuked, danger zones to not live in and figure a way to transport it when i get back to the past.

beat the sh*t out of bully Biff and marry my his gf, Lorraine Baines, give her implants, own a hotel / casino and live the life.

maybe run for president or something along the way

– [deleted user]

14. Science!

Scientific achievements in the past 30 years, and keeping track of the science behind the best ones. Jump start our progress toward the most efficient or just coolest technology.

Even if I can’t get everything about them, I could tell scientists which technology to look into more closely.

– NachoElDaltonico

15. …science.

What areas are most livable due to climate change.

– I_wear_foxgloves

Yeah, see, that kind of bummer dichotomy is exactly what I’m talking about.

What would YOU do?

Tell us in the comments.

The post People Discuss What They’d Look Up If They Could Go to the Future appeared first on UberFacts.

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People Share the Scariest Facts They Know

Whenever I really want to creep myself out, I start to read about the nuclear arsenals that different countries around the world have and how many of them could easily fall into the hands of the wrong folks out there…

That’s the scary stuff for me.

But everyone is different.

What’s the scariest fact you know?

Here’s what folks on AskReddit had to say.

1. Don’t get rabies.

“A lot of people don’t realize rabies is extremely fatal. It’s one of the deadliest diseases to ever be seen on planet earth, deadlier than any plague.

Only a handful of people have ever survived rabies untreated, I believe the number is around 5. And most of them were completely crippled for the rest of their short lives.

Even treatment isn’t very effective.

Don’t ever get rabies.”

2. Not Hollywood.

“That a large number of asteroids and comets that could potentially hit Earth directly have not even been discovered as of yet.

And our ability to actually stop a large object travelling stupidly fast is much worse than depicted in films.”

3. Now that is gross.

“Your tastebuds are actually cilia and are constantly being worn down by the movement of your tongue in your mouth.

If you end up in a coma for long enough, your tongue becomes fuzzy.

Maybe it’s just me, but that adds to the very long list of reasons I never want to be in an extended coma.”

4. Not a comforting thought.

“We’ve come very close to nuclear war and had nuclear accidents many times.

Also, we’ve lost a lot of nukes.

Google “broken arrows” some time.”

5. Sleep is good.

“That you really do need 7-9 hours of sleep every day.

Even at 6 hours, the lack of sleep decreases efficiency, productivity, and increases risk of developing dementia and Alzheimer’s. Furthermore, it weakens the immune system and handicaps the body’s ability to destroy cancer cells, which therefore increases risk of cancers of the breast, colon, ovaries and prostate.

The scary part of it is that you can’t get back all the sleep that you lose out on because “sleep efficiency” decreases, so trying to catch up on the weekends isn’t really making up for what you lost throughout the week. Ironically, those who say “I can sleep when I’m dead” will end up dead quicker because of lack of sleep over time.”

6. Beware of the botfly.

“A botfly can lay an egg in a fraction of a second.

Literally swatting the fly can be enough for it to lay an egg which burrows into your flesh and feeds in there until it hatches and matures enough to fly away and start the cycle again.

It can also happen to an eye. I know this because I’m an eye doctor and I have removed a botfly larva from the INSIDE of an Eyelid (tarsal conjunctival membrane).”

7. Let’s hope not.“

“At any second the whole planet could be completely destroyed by x-ray bursts from quasars.

So many other scary things have practical solutions for protecting the human race, but there is no defense humanity could conceivably develop against such a massive amount of energy.

I subscribe to the Star Trek utopian techno future, massive gamma or x-ray burst.. nothing can stop it.. goodbye planet earth.”

8. We’re due.

“Geologist here.

The earth’s magnetic poles (places your compass point to) are moving at an alarming rate.

While they switch (think north compass arrow will point south) every 10,000 years or so, we are over due for a switch… so like happy 2021 y’all.

Also the supervolcano under Yellowstone does technically have the fire power to wipe out much of life on planet earth, but its NOT over due like many people try to claim it is. That’s just fear mongering.

ALSO there was a point in the past during the ice age (I think) were less then 2000 humans were alive. If it would have been modern humans we would have to put ourselves on the endangered species list.”

9. Freaky.

“Surfer’s myelopathy is a non-traumatic injury most often seen in novice surfers, where they tweak their back while trying to get up on the board.

They initially feel pain and and weakness and then they become fully paraplegic. It doesn’t even have to be surfing. Yoga, pilates, or even getting up from laying down.

You just hyperextend your back a little weird one day and bam, you’re in a wheelchair, completely paralyzed from the waist down.”

10. A world of plastic.

“There is plastic everywhere from the highest mountains to the deepest trench in the ocean.

It’s estimated that by 2050 there will be more plastic than fish in the ocean.

And it is bad for us, likely causing fertility problems and reducing pe**s size.”

11. Truth.

“You die 3 times..

You die

Your grave gets visited the last time

The last person who even knows your name dies

You are completely forgotten and gone.”

12. Wow.

“If you commit a m**der in the United States, the chances that you will be arrested and convicted for it is less than 50%.”

13. Keep your eyes open.

“An average person walks past at least 16 m**derers in their lifetime.

And sometimes the m**derer turns out to be someone you grew up with.

One of the most disturbing phone calls I’ve ever gotten was an old friend calling to tell me a mutual buddy had just been arrested for beating his ex-girlfriend to death with a brick.

It’s been fifteen years since we graduated high school and went our separate ways, and I still can’t reconcile the memories of a goofy skater kid with the facts that came out during his trial. How could we not have seen the anger in him?”

What do you think is the scariest fact you know?

Talk to us in the comments.

Please and thank you!

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The Pacific Ocean Is Getting Colder as Parts of the Earth Heat Up

We used to talk all the time about Global Warming. Then over the last few decades, the concept got rebranded as Climate Change, and with good reason.

Warming in and of itself is not necessarily concerning. It’s the dramatic fluctuations in normal weather patterns, which we experience with greater and greater frequency and severity, in addition to the overall temperature increase, that is really sounding the alarm. In fact it turns out that as some parts of the Earth are getting warmer, other parts are losing heat.

To understand this new discovery, published in Geophysical Research Letters by researchers from the University of Oslo, it may be helpful to reflect back on 3rd grade science class.

Remember how the Earth is made up of layers, with a molten magma core surrounded by the mantle?

The mantle and the core are the notable layers in this new research because it’s not just the sun that heats the surface of our planet.

It turns out, the core heats us from the inside, as well, like how a hot bowl of soup can warm you all over on a cold day.

As Popular Mechanics explains:

Over the extremely long term, this interior will continue to cool until Earth is more like Mars. The surprise in the new study is how unevenly the heat is dissipating, but the reason makes intuitive sense: Parts of Earth have been insulated by more landmass, creating something of a Thermos layer that traps heat.

To understand how it is possible for one side of the Earth to be cooling faster than the other, it helps to picture an AuthaGraph map of the world.

This more accurate representation demonstrates the unequal distribution of land and water across the Earth.

For their study, the Oslo scientists divided the Earth into an African hemisphere (mostly land) and a Pacific hemisphere (mostly water).

Then they used computers to model and analyze 400 million years of continental drift and temperature data, to understand the relative insulation of each hemisphere across time.

Just like bubbles seem to keep you and your bath water warmer for longer, land insulates better than water alone.

The seafloor is far thinner than the bulky landmass, and temperature from within Earth is “quenched” by the enormous volume of cold water that’s above it.

When you think about it that way, it all kind of makes sense.

Earth, as seen from Apollo 17

Image credit: NASA via Unsplash

And yet, they found a bit of a contradiction.

The research shows that the Pacific hemisphere has cooled around 50 Kelvin more than the African hemisphere.
(If my math is right, that’s something like a drop of 550 degrees Fahrenheit, but please don’t quote me.)

Due to continental drift, or the Lost City of Atlantis, or who-knows-what, it looks like the Pacific side of the world was not always the cooler of the two.

Think about the Ring of Fire, the higher volcanic activity in and around the Pacific Ocean.

Lava from Kilauea on Hawaii flows into the ocean.

Image credit: Marc Szeglat via Unsplash

Popular Mechanics points out:

The Pacific’s high tectonic activity today points to a heat disparity.

The meltier the mantle, the more the plates can slide and slam together.

Maybe that’s where everything is connected and Climate Change really comes into play.

As sea levels rise, adding more water to the mix, and the ice shelf breaks off, adding more cold ice into the water, maybe that is helping the ocean cool down even faster.

That’s the fun thing about science–there’s always more to figure out.

It’s pretty fascinating though, right? Tell us what you think in the comments.

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People Admit What Naturally Occurring Bodily Function Bothers Them the Most

We obviously have a lot of naturally occurring bodily functions, but are there some that really bother you?

Whether if it’s from you or other people?

I guess the answer is yes, based on what you’re about to read…

People on AskReddit talked about which naturally occurring bodily functions really bother them.

Let’s get weird!

1. That’s too bad.

“Fight-or-flight.

I have PTSD stemming from childhood trauma so even my roommate stepping heavily on the floor triggers anxiety and hyper-awaredness.”

2. Sounds like thunder.

“My tummy making sounds like I haven’t eaten for 5 years.”

3. It’s burning!

“Runny noses.

That s**t sucks and when you’re sick enough it starts to burn.”

4. Awful.

“Acid reflux.

Nothing like waking up with intense chest pains and a mouth full of stomach acid throw up.”

5. Sucks

“F**k periods and PMS. Good lord what a hassle!

You have to buy special things (pads, tampons, IB profen) and you feel like dog s**t the days immediately preceding and during.

You have to make sure to have a pad or tampon every time you go to the bathroom and it sucks if you forget.

And God forbid any tampon/pad dispensary is actually stocked in a bathroom!”

6. Fat.

“The body storing excess energy in fat cells….that kind of thing needs a cap.

Like, up to 15% of body weight can be fat, any excess beyond that gets flushed out of the system.”

7. What are you dreaming about?

“As a guy, in my opinion, wet dreams.

They’re so annoying, inconvenient and just straight up unwanted.”

8. It’s time again.

“Growing nails.

Mine grow too fast, I have to cut them every 3 days”

9. Not fun.

“Vomiting.

It’s generally activated to evacuate poisons/irritants from the body but the wind up to and the act of…I am grown and will still cry every time.”

10. Uh oh.

“Getting a huge b**er in public.

Like while having to present in front of class or while being in other public places.”

11. It happens.

“Very rarely I choke on my own saliva and my body goes instantly in fight mode to survive.

Coughing like a maniac, adrenalin rush, and my heart goes crazy.

Out of nowhere. This is ridiculous.”

12. The big one.

“Fa**s.

Especially when you can’t let them go and they build up or these quite ones that mark their presence in other ways.”

13. Why is this happening?

“Yawning!

I dont sleep much so it happens several times a minute, it makes my ears pop and my eyes water so I’m basically crying all day and then my eyes get sore from wiping away all the tears.”

14. Make it go away.

“Body hair. I got hair everywhere. Literally.

Shoulders? Check! Toes? Check! Back? Check! And many more places I don’t want to name.

It might have been useful ages ago but now please just let it go away please.”

What bodily function bothers you the most?

Tell us what you think in the comments.

Please and thank you!

The post People Admit What Naturally Occurring Bodily Function Bothers Them the Most appeared first on UberFacts.

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8 Secrets That Meteorologists Keep

People like to give meteorologists a lot of grief because of all the times they’re wrong about the weather that’s coming (for better or worse), but listen –  we all know that Mother Nature is fickle, so we should probably give them a break.

If you’re curious what the pressure is like in front of those (troublesome) green screens, here are 8 behind-the-scenes secrets of meteorologists everywhere.

8. They’re under a lot of pressure.

Image Credit: iStock

People not only plan their daily lives around the weather forecast, they’re also responsible for warning people – the right people – when a dangerous storm is rolling in.

It’s not something they take lightly, says meteorologist Jacob Wycoff.

“If you miss a severe weather forecast and someone’s out on the ball field and gets stuck, someone could get injured.

It is a great responsibility that we have.”

Basically, there are definitely consequences and they take those seriously.

7. They have a strict dress code.

Image Credit: iStock

Because of the green background where maps are projected, on-air meteorologists absolutely cannot wear green, but Jennifer Myers, a Dallas-based meteorologist, says there are other rules, too.

“Distracting prints are a no-no. Cleavage angers viewers over 40 something fierce, so we stay away from that.

There’s no length rule on skirts/dresses but if you wouldn’t wear it to a family event, you probably shouldn’t wear it on TV.

Nothing reflective.

Nothing that makes sound.”

Women, of course, have it tougher because people will criticize what they wear without thinking, and also because their outfits are typically more memorable.

6. But they can wear whatever shoes they want.

Image Credit: iStock

Their feet rarely appear on camera, so most go for footwear that’s comfortable enough to stand in for hours at a time.

Occasionally, women meteorologists will use their calves to strap their mics on, too, so it doesn’t make a bulge under a blouse or skirt.

5. They know all the good tricks for staying warm outside.

Image Credit: iStock

Stephanie Abrams, co-host of The Weather Channel’s AMHQ, says they’ve developed them out of necessity.

“In the field when I’m covering snow storms, I go to any pharmacy and get those back patches people wear, those heat wraps, and stick them all over my body. Then I put on a wet suit.

When you’re out for as long as we are, that helps you stay dry.

I have to be really hot when I go out for winter storms.”

Those are some pro-tips!

4. Seven-day forecasts are mostly guesses.

Image Credit: iStock

Wycoff says you shouldn’t put too much stock in anything that goes beyond 3 days.

“I would say that within three days, meteorologists are about 90 percent accurate.

Then at five days we’re at about 60 percent to 75 percent and then after seven days it becomes a bit more wishy-washy.”

Yeah, that’s probably why people say they aren’t that accurate.

3. Some never master the green screen.

Image Credit: iStock

Meteorologists aren’t really standing in front of giant maps; they’re backed by green screens that are used to project images onto them.

They can see TV monitors around the room that reflect what viewers are seeing, which helps them know where to point, but it’s harder than it looks.

Gary England, a weatherman and former chief meteorologist for Oklahoma’s KWTV, says it can kill careers and that he’s “seen people never get used to it.”

2. They’re not fans of social media.

Image Credit: iStock

Like everyone else who deals in news and reality these days, meteorologists spend more time than they’d like debunking bogus – and dangerous – forecasts that bounce around online.

Scott Sistek, a meteorologist and weather blogger from Seattle, says people need to stay in their lane.

“People think it’s as easy as reading a chart.

A lot of armchair meteorologists at home can look at a chart and go ok, half an inch of rain.

But we take the public front when it’s wrong.”

I mean… didn’t you think this way? Even a little?

1. They don’t use a teleprompter.

Image Credit: iStock

Everything TV meteorologists say in front of the camera is ad-libbed, says Wycoff.

All of it.

“Our scripts are the graphics we create.

Generally speaking we’re using the graphics to talk through our stories, but everything we say is ad-libbed.

Sometimes you can fumble the words you want to say, and sometimes you may miss a beat, but I think what that allows you to do is have a little off-the-cuff moment, which I think the viewers enjoy.”

I feel smarter now, don’t you?

What other secrets do you think meteorologists are keeping? Share them in the comments!

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Scientists Actually Performed These Unethical Experiments

It’s not a secret at this point that science has, on several occasions throughout history, gone too far in its pursuit of progress.

Unethical experiments have been performed on human beings without the agency to resist, lies have been told, dangerous substances haven’t been protected, and psychological damage has been waved aside, even in rooms with children.

Below are 4 experiments that all under that umbrella, and the scientists involved all surely knew better before they even began.

4. Testicle transplants.

While Dr. Leo Stanley was in charge of the health of prisoners at San Quentin Prison in California, he surgically transplanted the testicles of executed criminals onto living inmates in a desire to find out whether raising testosterone levels would reduce an urge to criminal behavior.

More than 600 inmates suffered at his hands, some even being injected with liquefied animal testicles, when there were no human ones available.

Stanley claimed success after a Caucasian prisoner claimed to feel “energetic” after receiving a testicle from an executed African-American convict.

3. Unit 731

Image Credit: Free Use

In 1938, the Japanese government set up Unit 731 with the intention of developing biological weapons that could be used in warfare.

The unit used Chinese prisoners and Asian civilians as guinea pigs, without their knowledge and/or consent, and infected them with cholera, anthrax, plague, and other horrible pathogens.

Many died, but still, after WWII America (and other countries) provided safe passage to some of the researchers involved in exchange for ownership of their research.

2. The Stanford Prison Experiment

Image Credit: Eric. E. Castro

In 1971, hoping to investigate the causes of conflict between prisoners and guards, took 24 students and assigned them to one role or another. They were then placed in a prison-like environment.

The researchers planned for the experiment to last two weeks, but had to pull the plug after only six days because they were unable to maintain any semblance of order.

One in every three “guards” abused the prisoners, sometimes violently, leading to at least two of the prisoners suffering emotional trauma.

We learned a lot about how power and certain situations can influence an individual’s behavior, but no one involved was quite the same afterward.

1. Two-headed dogs.

Vladimir Demikhov’s studies have helped medical science advance, and his attempts to graft the head of a puppy onto the neck of a German Shepherd, especially, led to huge advances in the field of organ transplants in humans.

It wasn’t so great for the dogs, though, who – although they could move independently of each other – did not survive long due to tissue rejection issues. Of the 20 two-headed dogs that were created, only one survived for an entire month.

Science never ceases to amaze me – in good ways and horrible ways, sometimes in equal measure.

What’s the worst science experiment you’ve learned about? If it’s not on this list, tell us about it in the comments!

The post Scientists Actually Performed These Unethical Experiments appeared first on UberFacts.

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Scientists Actually Performed These Unethical Experiments

It’s not a secret at this point that science has, on several occasions throughout history, gone too far in its pursuit of progress.

Unethical experiments have been performed on human beings without the agency to resist, lies have been told, dangerous substances haven’t been protected, and psychological damage has been waved aside, even in rooms with children.

Below are 4 experiments that all under that umbrella, and the scientists involved all surely knew better before they even began.

4. Testicle transplants.

While Dr. Leo Stanley was in charge of the health of prisoners at San Quentin Prison in California, he surgically transplanted the testicles of executed criminals onto living inmates in a desire to find out whether raising testosterone levels would reduce an urge to criminal behavior.

More than 600 inmates suffered at his hands, some even being injected with liquefied animal testicles, when there were no human ones available.

Stanley claimed success after a Caucasian prisoner claimed to feel “energetic” after receiving a testicle from an executed African-American convict.

3. Unit 731

Image Credit: Free Use

In 1938, the Japanese government set up Unit 731 with the intention of developing biological weapons that could be used in warfare.

The unit used Chinese prisoners and Asian civilians as guinea pigs, without their knowledge and/or consent, and infected them with cholera, anthrax, plague, and other horrible pathogens.

Many died, but still, after WWII America (and other countries) provided safe passage to some of the researchers involved in exchange for ownership of their research.

2. The Stanford Prison Experiment

Image Credit: Eric. E. Castro

In 1971, hoping to investigate the causes of conflict between prisoners and guards, took 24 students and assigned them to one role or another. They were then placed in a prison-like environment.

The researchers planned for the experiment to last two weeks, but had to pull the plug after only six days because they were unable to maintain any semblance of order.

One in every three “guards” abused the prisoners, sometimes violently, leading to at least two of the prisoners suffering emotional trauma.

We learned a lot about how power and certain situations can influence an individual’s behavior, but no one involved was quite the same afterward.

1. Two-headed dogs.

Vladimir Demikhov’s studies have helped medical science advance, and his attempts to graft the head of a puppy onto the neck of a German Shepherd, especially, led to huge advances in the field of organ transplants in humans.

It wasn’t so great for the dogs, though, who – although they could move independently of each other – did not survive long due to tissue rejection issues. Of the 20 two-headed dogs that were created, only one survived for an entire month.

Science never ceases to amaze me – in good ways and horrible ways, sometimes in equal measure.

What’s the worst science experiment you’ve learned about? If it’s not on this list, tell us about it in the comments!

The post Scientists Actually Performed These Unethical Experiments appeared first on UberFacts.

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Take a Look at These Infographics That Could Really Help You Out

A picture is worth a thousand words.

And while I sometimes think a few words would go a long to providing context for pictorial furniture instructions, I do love a good infographic.

Here are 15 super useful infographics that you might want to keep close at hand.

1. For quick, easy reference

I love an easy reference cooking chart. I use the one for my InstantPot ALL. THE. TIME.

Image credit: eBaum’s World

2. For every day mishaps

I literally needed this yesterday. Time to put it on the fridge.

Image credit: eBaum’s World

3. For those with a black thumb

If only it covered every kind of plant. Specifically snake plants (asking for a friend).

Image credit: eBaum’s World

4. For those who like to party

The longer I look at this, the more fascinating it becomes.

Image credit: eBaum’s World

5. For those who really like to party

Just kidding, this is actually really useful information that everyone should know.

Image credit: eBaum’s World

6. For life’s little disappointments

Keep this one in your glove box. It should come free with every pair of jumper cables.

Image credit: eBaum’s World

7. For when you want to be fancy

Keep it in your purse for dining out. I love that there’s a special signal that you didn’t like your meal.

Image credit: eBaum’s World

8. For sending a subtle message

Tape this on the back of the remote, the Ipad, the laptop…

Image credit: eBaum’s World

9. For planning your epic family vacation

Get ready Route 66, the road trip is about to have a resurgence.

Image credit: eBaum’s World

10. For when technology feels overwhelming

Because you know you’re getting old when you’re grouchy about new USBs.

Image credit: eBaum’s World

11. For when you need to prove a point

Welcome to healthcare in America.

Image credit: eBaum’s World

12. & 13. For when you have a pressing science question

About space…

Image credit: eBaum’s World

or about anatomy…

Image credit: eBaum’s World

14. For when you want to avoid an allergic reaction

Is it worth the risk? Only you can decide!

Image credit: eBaum’s World

15. For when you have a pressing frosting need

I personally only use the large round one, but that’s just me.

Image credit: eBaum’s World

These all definitely show how an infographic can go a long way to helping in any situation.

I kind of wish I had known about them as a kid. I think I would have won a lot more arguments.

Are you a visual learner? Do you like a good graphic? Let us know in the comments.

The post Take a Look at These Infographics That Could Really Help You Out appeared first on UberFacts.

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This is How Your Street Ends Up With Those Annoying Potholes

It’s coming up on pothole-fixing season, friends. I suppose this is superior to pothole-making season (winter and early spring) but honestly, all of our lives and cars and pocketbooks would be better off if there were no potholes at all.

Maybe the key to preventing potholes is knowing how they get there in the first place (it’s worth a shot, right?) but even if it’s not, knowledge is never a bad thing.

Image Credit: iStock

So, without further ado, here’s what makes those annoying, broken spots in the road over the winter.

Potholes happen when water seeps into the rock, gravel, and soil that sits underneath the asphalt on the road and then freezes, which is why they’re most common in the winter and early spring.

Once frozen the water expands, pushing up against the pavement, weakening the asphalt until the pressure finally cracks it, allowing the water to seep toward the surface. Along the way it will freeze and then thaw several more times, leaving gaps and voids and more cracking.

Image Credit: iStock

This weakening is further exacerbated by the constant traffic putting pressure on the pavement from the top, which pushes asphalt back into the gaps created by a melting cycle in the ice.

The result is a hole, sometimes the size of a crater, always willing to make you spill your coffee on the way to the office in the morning.

Potholes cause damage to car tires by puncturing them or bending the rims, and can also knock your alignment out of whack fairly quickly. Make sure you’re paying attention, that you keep space between you and the car in front of you, and slowing down if you can’t avoid running through one.

Image Credit: iStock

So stay away when you can, y’all – fixing your car isn’t cheap.

Do you have any more tips for saving money on car maintenance? Share them with us in the comments!

The post This is How Your Street Ends Up With Those Annoying Potholes appeared first on UberFacts.