Beethoven’s Eroica: From Napoleon Tribute to Musical Revolution

Beethoven originally composed his 3rd Symphony as an homage to Napoleon, whom he greatly respected. However, upon Napoleon’s self-coronation as emperor in 1804, Beethoven furiously denounced him as a despot and removed Bonaparte’s name from the title page of the score. In addition, this symphony, also known as the “Eroica,” marked a significant turning point […]

One of the adversities…

One of the adversities that the Napoleonic army faced in Russia was the fact that the buttons of their uniforms may have turned to dust. Tin was the major metal used to make buttons and the bonding structure of tin atoms begins to change when temperatures drop below 13°C. 00