7 Fascinating Facts About Alaska

Alaska has been a U.S. state for less than 60 years, but the territory has a long and fascinating history.

Take a look at these facts about “the last frontier.”

1. That’s a lot of space

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2. Lots o’ land

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3. Wow!

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4. Knitting, anyone?

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5. Hey, why not?

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6. Sounds like a good deal

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7. Time to cool off

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A Beer from the Middle Ages Is Becoming Popular Again

Before 1516, gruit beer was all the rage. What is gruit ale, you ask? Well, it’s beer that is made with an herb mixture as opposed to the hop-heavy beers that are so familiar today.

Photo Credit: Wikimedia Commons

Back in the Middle Ages, many drinkers preferred their beer to be made with a variety of herbs such as ginger, lavender, and mugwort. The herbs played the same role as hops, giving the beer flavor and helping to keep out harmful bacteria.

Photo Credit: EarlRivers.org

But in 1516, everything changed. The conservative Puritan movement was in full force and Germany passed a law that declared beer could only be made from hops, water, and barley. Why get rid of the herbs? Because many of them were considered aphrodisiacs at the time, and the Puritans had a big problem with that.

Photo Credit: Public Domain

And so, for the past 500 years, hops have dominated beer production. But gruit ale has been making a comeback lately. Scratch Brewing Company in Illinois released a beer made of dandelion, carrot tops, clover, and ginger. And a brewery in Estonia makes a special beer using herbs, caraway, and juniper berries. By the looks of it, these gruit ales are making a serious comeback. Let’s see if the bearded, tattooed hipsters in your town start making the switch from IPAs over to these herb-based beers any time soon.

Photo Credit: Pixabay

h/t: Mental Floss

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Can a Person Refuse a Pardon from the President?

How many times have you heard the words “presidential pardon” in the last several weeks? Of course, all presidents pardon citizens during their terms, but it seems to be a hot-button issue lately. And along with all the pardon news comes questions about how much power the president actually has. One interesting question people have been bringing up is whether someone can refuse a presidential pardon if they are so inclined. This issue has come up during our nation’s history, and the answer is yes.

Photo Credit: Pixabay

Here are two examples of people refusing pardons. One took place in the 1830s under President Andrew Jackson. Two men named George Wilson and James Porter and a co-conspirator were sentenced to death in 1830. Porter was executed relatively quickly, but Wilson was pardoned by Andrew Jackson before he could be executed, but Wilson refused the deal, possibly due to a misunderstanding about other crimes that he was due to be sentenced for.

Photo Credit: Public Domain

The Supreme Court ruled in 1833 that “A pardon is a deed, to the validity of which delivery is essential, and delivery is not complete without acceptance. It may then be rejected by the person to whom it is tendered, and if it be rejected, we have discovered no power in a court to force it on him.” Interestingly, the details of what ultimately happened to George Wilson are not known.

Another case in which an American refused a presidential pardon took place in 1915. A city editor for the New York Tribune named George Burdick invoked his Fifth Amendment rights to refuse to testify because he didn’t want to name sources for articles about alleged custom fraud. President Woodrow Wilson pardoned Burdick, hoping that the editor would be inclined to testify and name sources now that he couldn’t be charged. Burdick refused the pardon, didn’t talk, and was found guilty of contempt.

Photo Credit: Creative Commons

One interesting note: while anyone is able to refuse a pardon, Americans are not allowed to refuse commutations of their sentences.

h/t: Mental Floss

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10+ Facts About the Wonderful World of Comics

You may think you know a lot about comic books, but trust me, you can always learn more.

Even if you’re the biggest fan of the Marvel universe or of the classics like Superman, Batman, and Dick Tracy, you’ll learn a lot from these facts.

1. I wish this was real life

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2. Damage Control

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3. That would’ve been interesting

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4. Wow!

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5. I need to pick this one up

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6. Good job Dad!

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7. Nic Cage

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8. Father and son

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9. FYI

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10. Very cool

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11. Hellboy

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A study about class differences…

A study about class differences in 18th & 19th century England, showed that on average, a wealthy 16-year old boy was 8.5 inches taller than a poor 16-year old boy, as a result of malnourishment and living standards. 00

Man Sets the Record Straight About the Largest Slave Rebellion in Colonial American History

The largest slave rebellion in North American history – the Stono rebellion – is commemorated by a small signpost in South Carolina and a total of three sentences. But one man took to Twitter to (epically) set the record straight.

So here’s your history lesson for the day all wrapped up in a neat, tidy Twitter thread.

Here’s the original signpost:

Photo Credit: Twitter

And so begins your education:

Photo Credit: Twitter

You’re not the only one just learning about this now.

Photo Credit: Twitter

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7 Facts You Learned in School That Are No Longer True

It stands to reason that, with technology and our understanding of the world changing so rapidly over the past several decades, at least a few of the things we were taught back in the day would no longer be applicable.

Even so, you may not have considered these seven “facts,” or when, exactly, they became obsolete.

#7. Who built the pyramids?

Photo Credit: Pixabay

It wasn’t the Israelites exiled to Egypt, since the massive structures were erected before the Jews existed.

#6. The names of the nine planets.

Photo Credit: Pixabay

In 2006, the International Astronomical Union decided that Pluto is a dwarf planet, and therefore doesn’t count. So there are only 8.

#5. The toilets in Australia.

Photo Credit: Pixabay

If you’re still under the assumption that the water spins the opposite way down the drain in Australia, you’d be wrong. The reasoning behind the claim is the coriolis effect, but it’s not strong enough on Earth to affect small appliances like a toilet or sink.

#4. The hardest material in the world is…

Photo Credit: Pixabay

I bet you said a ‘diamond,’ but if so, you’d be wrong. According to the Scientific American, there are two substances that are (quite a bit) harder: wurtzite boron nitride and lonsdaleite.

#3. You can’t see the Great Wall from outer space.

Photo Credit: Pixabay

According to NASA, the Great Wall is only visible from a max of 1200 miles up – low Earth orbit, not outer space.

#2. How witches were killed.

Photo Credit: Pixabay

In the United States, more witches were hanged than burned, especially during the Salem trials. Witchcraft was punishable by hanging here – in Europe, where the crime was heresy, more burning was done.

#1. Your favorite dinosaur is dead…again.

Photo Credit: Pixabay

There’s no such thing as a brontosaurus. Womp-womp.

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Australia’s ‘Man with the Golden Arm’ Donated Blood Consistenly for 60 Years

Every two weeks for the last 60 years, James Harrison has donated blood in his native Australia. But he recently rolled up his sleeve for the last time, as the country’s Red Cross Blood Service only allows people to donate blood until they turn 81-years-old.

Over the course of his long blood giving career, it’s estimated that Harrison helped save the lives of over 2 million babies born to Australian women.

Harrison needed major chest surgery when he was only 14-years-old and relied on the blood of strangers to help get him through the operation. He vowed he would donate his own blood as long as he was able to, and he’s been true to his word for six decades now.

Harrison’s blood contains an antibody that is used to make Anti-D, a medication given to mothers with a negative blood type. The drug prevents medical afflictions in newborn babies that can sometimes lead to death. Prior to the discovery of Anti-D in the 1960s, thousands of babies died from a disease called haemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN).

Photo Credit: Facebook,History Nerd

Harrison said, “It’s a sad day for me. The end of a long run. I’d keep on going if they’d let me.” Harrison was widely praised for his selflessness and in 1999 received the Medal of the Order of Australia. Let’s hope many follow this great man’s example.

h/t: Mashable

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These Digitally Restored Images of 5 Famous Historical Ruins Look Incredible

As amazing as it is to wander through the amazing ruins of the ancient world, it can be hard to visualize what they might have looked like in all of their painted, jewel-encrusted fineries. Luckily, one of the cool things we can do these days with digital devices is to re-imagine and digitally restore these old buildings, allowing people to get a glimpse of what they might have looked like brand-new.

These images are awe-inspiring, truly, and I, for one, wish once again that time travel were possible.

#5. Lower Terrace, Masada (Masada, Israel)

Josephus Flavius, a governor of Galilee and Roman historian, told of the fortress of Masada that was built by Herod the Great between 37 and 31 B.C.E. The ruins stand atop an isolated rock cliff overlooking the Dead Sea, which is beautiful on its own, and featured three terraces.

The image only imagines what the lower terrace, reserved for entertainment and relaxation, would have looked like in its heyday, covered by frescoes and gilded columns.

Photo Credit: My Voucher Codes

#4. Domus Aurea Octagonal Court (Rome, Italy)

Emperor Nero’s “Golden House” was constructed between 65 and 68 C.E. and played host to his lavish parties and banquets. Roman historian Suetonius describes the building as a “circular banquet hall which revolved incessantly, day and night, like the heavens” and also goes into detail regarding gem-encrusted walls, ivory and mother-of-pearl decorations, and ceilings that showered guests with flowers and perfumes.

The following image was created from his account.

Photo Credit: My Voucher Codes

#3. Angkor Wat (Siem Reap, Cambodia)

This complex housed a Hindu temple dedicated to the god Vishnu and took around 30 years to construct. At the end of the 12th century it was converted to a Buddhist temple and is one of the world’s largest religious buildings. The massive building is home to elevated towers, porches, and different levels of courtyards linked by a series of stairways.

Photo Credit: My Voucher Codes

#2. The Parthenon (Athens, Greece)

Photo Credit: My Voucher Codes

The Parthenon was built in the mid-5th century and housed a golden statue of Athena. It was over 12 meters high and contained about 1,140 kilos of gold and ivory.

#1. Roman Baths (Bath, England)

The bathhouse was constructed around 70C.E., as the baths were an important part of life in Ancient Rome. Citizens congregated there to mingle, gossip, and relax in the geothermally heated water. The roof is long gone, but it was originally an impressively high and barrel-vaulted.

Photo Credit: My Voucher Codes

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15 Totally Epic Items Stored at the Smithsonian

After seeing Night at the Museum and watching Bones for several years, I have to say that it didn’t surprise me to learn that there are some pretty cool things stored in the Smithsonian Museum. That said, I didn’t realize how epic some of them actually were until now.

#15. Unknown political prisoner.

Photo Credit: American Art

I can’t stop staring.

#14. This filing cabinet…

Photo Credit: Facebook

Where Phyllis Diller kept her jokes.

#13. This waste collection system…

Photo Credit: Facebook

Used onboard NASA’s space shuttles.

#12. A wooden clock.

Photo Credit: Imgur

Yes, the sheet is carved from wood, too.

#11. The skeleton of anthropologist Grover Krantz.

Photo Credit: Reddit

And his dog, Clyde.

#10. Giant, glowing mushrooms.

Photo Credit: Instagram

They expand and contract when you step on their pads.

#9. A missile system…

Photo Credit: Facebook

Guided by pigeons.

#8. The original C-3PO and R2-D2 droids.

Photo Credit: Facebook

From 1983’s Return of the Jedi.

#7. The Woolworth’s lunch counter where a sit-in protest happened.

Photo Credit: Facebook

It was to challenge racial inequality in the South.

#6. The very first Macintosh computer.

Photo Credit: Facebook

Before they were Apple.

#5. The preamble to the Constitution…

Photo Credit: Imgur

Spelled out in license plates.

#4. The Remington Self-Check Kit

Photo Credit: Twitter

A home pregnancy test created in the 1970s.

#3. A box of glass eyes.

Photo Credit: Facebook

From before WWII.

#2. A dead parrot collection.

Photo Credit: Reddit

Why? Who knows.

#1. The world’s first frozen margarita machine.

Photo Credit: Facebook

This is important stuff!

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