Mysterious Skeleton of Powerful Viking Warrior Confirmed to be Female

Back in 1878, archaeologists came across a Viking burial chamber in an important trade center known as Birka. Judging by the way the body had bee placed into the grave, they assessed that it must have belonged to a prominent Viking warrior.

The body was found buried with their weapons, fancy clothes, and two horses. The assumption at the time was that the remains must have been those of a man,but a DNA study concluded that the remains were biologically female.

Image Credit: Wikipedia

Critics of the findings argued that the weapons could have belonged to her husband or that there could have been two skeletons in the grave and the analysis was done on the wrong one. They argued that thinking that women were Viking warriors is wishful thinking and that we don’t have enough historical evidence to support the claim.

Researchers, though, are defending their findings in the journal Antiquity, saying the remains buried in the chamber are “unassailably female.” They confirm that there was only one skeleton in the grave, so they couldn’t have mixed up the remains, and asserted that all documentation was correct.

Image Credit: Wikipedia

“Grave Bj.581 had only one human occupant,” confirms Professor Neil Price to IFLScience. “An extra thigh-bone in the Bj.581 museum storage box – much hyped by our online critics – is clearly labeled as coming from another grave and had just been misplaced in the wrong box (the possibility of which is why bones are labeled to begin with!).”

He also continues to make an even finer point:

“To those who do take issue, we suggest that it is not supportable to react only now, when the individual has been shown to be female, without explaining why neither the warrior interpretations nor any supposed source-critical factors were a problem when the person in Bj.581 was believed to be male.”

Ideas about gender, of course, are not set in stone and vary between cultures, so it’s fair to say the skeleton could belong to a person who was both a female and a warrior, and also to accept the fact that being a woman might not have meant the same thing in that culture as it does in ours today.

Image Credit: Wikipedia

Professor Price agrees.

“The body’s XX chromosomes revealed in the genomic study provide an unambiguously female sex determination, but the gender of the Bj.581 individual is a different matter. There is, of course, a broad spectrum of possibilities, many of them involving contested contemporary terminologies that can also be problematic to apply to people of the past.”

The archaeologists on the study expect that, in the future, we’ll probably find more and more Viking Age female warriors, whether they’re new finds or reassessments of remains already catalogued.

The future – and the past – is female, it would seem.

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Vintage Question Cards from the NY Public Library

Librarians are the keepers of knowledge. They hold the keys to a treasure trove of tomes containing the wisdom of the ages. They also deal with the public every day, so you know they see their fair share of crazies.

People have asked librarians all sorts of questions over the years, including these ones received by NY librarians from the 1940s-1980s prove without a doubt.

#1. The “public eye,” as it was then…

Image Credit: Facebook

#2. Fair question, though perhaps an ill-advised plan.

Image Credit: Facebook

#3. That’s one busy day.

Image Credit: Facebook

#4. I’m guessing somewhere in Wilmington.

Image Credit: Facebook

#5. Intrigue…

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#6. Didn’t Adam eat the apple? Is this a trick question?

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#7. Girl, go.

Image Credit: Facebook

#8. Um…I’d really like to know how this was answered.

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#9. This is a romance novel waiting to happen.

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#10. Ew.

Image Credit: Facebook

You know those librarians answered each and every one of those questions. Because they’re awesome, and also hilarious.

Seriously. Go hug your librarian friend today…and then buy them a beer and listen to their stories. Everyone wins.

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Which Chain Restaurant Was Born the Same Year As You?

Are you a McDonald’s maniac, or a White Castle junkie? Is Starbucks more your flavor, or do you run on Dunkin?

Chain restaurants are clearly a huge part of our lives, and if you were born between 1969 and 2009, this list lays out the chain restaurant that opened the year you were born.

If you’re older than 50, I apologize, but you didn’t make the cut this time…

1969

Wendy’s

Photo Credit: Wikipedia

1970

Olga’s Kitchen

1971

Starbucks

1972

Ruby Tuesday

Photo Credit: Wikipedia

1973

Golden Corral

1974

Mellow Mushroom

1975

Chili’s

1976

Häagen-Dazs

1977

Bojangles’

Photo Credit: Wikipedia

1978

The Cheesecake Factory

1979

Fuddruckers

1980

Applebee’s

1981

Quiznos

1982

Olive Garden

Photo Credit: Wikipedia

1983

Panda Express

1984

Papa John’s

1985

Cinnabon

1986

Five Guys

Photo Credit: Wikipedia

1987

Lone Star Steakhouse

1988

Auntie Anne’s

1989

Cook Out

1990

Baja Fresh

1991

Joe’s Crab Shack

Photo Credit: Wikipedia

1992

Caribou Coffee

1993

Chipotle

1994

Famous Dave’s

1995

Einstein Bros. Bagels

1996

Yard House

1997

Cafe Rio

Photo Credit: Wikipedia

1998

ESPN Zone

1999

Checkers

2000

Moe’s Southwest Grill

2001

Wow Cafe and Wingery

2002

Cheeseburger in Paradise

Photo Credit: Wikipedia

2003

Pie Face

2004

Shake Shack

2005

Pinkberry

Photo Credit: Flickr, Gnawme

2006

Melt Bar and Grilled

2007

Smashburger

Photo Credit: Wikipedia

2008

MOD Pizza

2009

Umami Burger

I don’t know about you, but I feel cheated that I didn’t get Olive Garden. What chain restaurant opened the year you were born?

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Over a hundred years ago, virtually…

Over a hundred years ago, virtually every American city had public streetcars that people took to work. That includes cities we don’t think of as hubs for mass transit today, like Atlanta, Raleigh, and Los Angeles. Today, just 5 percent of U.S. workers commute via via public transit.

60 Years Later, Russia Re-Opens Investigation into Deadly Incident at Dyatlov Pass

For most people, the most horrifying thing to happen on a hiking/camping trip would be too many bugs or running out of toilet paper.

For nine Russian skiers on a short trip through the Ural mountains in 1959, however, it got much worse. Sometime in the middle of the freezing winter night, something absolutely destroyed their tents and left their bodies strewn at various distances – up to a mile – from the campsite, half dressed and shoeless.

Most of them froze to death – their bodies were only discovered once the snow thawed months later. But for others, the cause of death was more of a mystery. One of their heads was bashed in, two had shattered ribs, and one – get this – was missing his tongue and eyes.

Image Credit: Public Domain

Yeah.

So, at this point, you’re thinking it’s got to be either a Yeti or an Ice Dragon to blame, right? Maybe the Russian government was thinking that too. The Soviet military opened an investigation into what happened, but abruptly closed it after three months, claiming “The spontaneous power of nature” was the culprit. Then, the investigation was classified and kept locked down until the 1970s.

Image Credit: Dyatlov Pass.com

It’s vague conclusions like this that get the conspiracy theorists worked up, and I’ll be the first to admit I’m one of them. After all, there was absolutely no evidence of foul play, so some theories had already posited it could have been a hurricane, an avalanche, or a freak wind storm that had caused all the devastation. If the report had found that it was any of those things, frankly, you’d think that it would have said, “These nine people were killed by an avalanche.”

But instead, we’re getting “The spontaneous power of nature” ripped this guy’s eyeballs out and left all of these half-naked skiers for dead in the snow?

Image Credit: Public Domain

If that’s what nature does, I’m never leaving my house again. Thanks, Russia.

It seems like the explanation wasn’t good enough for modern researchers, either. The investigation was reopened in 2019, but only to investigate the three “most likely [theories],” all of which are “somehow connected with natural phenomena.” That’s fine if you really still think it was an avalanche, but if you’re one of the theorists who think it was aliens, or that it was all staged to cover up an advanced weapons program? Well, no contemporary technology in the world is going to uncover something the Russians want to keep secret.

Including Ice Dragons.

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Here’s the Mystery Man Voicing Freddie Mercury in ‘Bohemian Rhapsody’

Rami Malek is the talk of the town all around Hollywood thanks to his recent Oscar win for Best Actor, portraying the legendary Freddie Mercury in “Boheminan Rhapsody.” But you’d better believe taking on a role like that took a LOT of hard work learning to sing… and another vocalist.

Marc Martel is a Canadian singer who plays a prominent role in the hit movie Bohemian Rhapsody – but you wouldn’t recognize his face if you passed him on the street. The film relied heavily on Martel’s uncanny ability to mimic Freddie Mercury’s voice in order to get the perfect soundtrack for the film, while still allowing star Rami Malek to portray the Queen vocalist onscreen. Malek’s voice and master recordings of Mercury, who died in 1991, were also used in the film, but Martel played an important part in the process.

Martel is credited in the film with providing “additional vocals”, but he signed a nondisclosure agreement, so he can’t get into too many details about how much his voice was actually featured.

Martel has previously gained notoriety on YouTube for his ability to imitate the iconic singer. His audition tape for Queen drummer Robert Taylor’s tribute band went viral in 2011.

Martel tours with his tribute band Ultimate Queen Celebration and has released an album of Queen cover songs. And though Malek is a bone fide star, Martel’s YouTube videos singing Queen songs have made him a minor celebrity in his own right.

Martel previously fronted a band called Downhere, and it was the bass player in that band that originally commented on his ability to sound like Freddie Mercury. Good thing he spoke up!

Learn how Rami Malek “sunk his teeth” into the role of a lifetime

Rami Malek also got a lot of help from dental technician Chris Lyons, who’s given actors like Meryl Streep and Tilda Swinton their chops. Learn all about about Malek’s teeth transformation:

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Artist Converts Vintage Photos into Pop Culture Icons

Alex Gross is an artist who takes gorgeous vintage photography, then adds his own unique spin on them by turning them into modern pop culture icons.

The results speak for themselves.

1. I dream of…

Photo Credit: Instagram,artofalexgross

2. The north remembers

Photo Credit: Instagram,artofalexgross

3. Peter Parker

Photo Credit: Instagram,artofalexgross

4. Bruce Wayne

Photo Credit: Instagram,artofalexgross

5. Look at that

Photo Credit: Instagram,artofalexgross

6. Singing star

Photo Credit: Instagram,artofalexgross

7. Uncanny

Photo Credit: Instagram,artofalexgross

8. Aqua

Photo Credit: Instagram,artofalexgross

9. Deadly

Photo Credit: Instagram,artofalexgross

10. Wolverine

Photo Credit: Instagram,artofalexgross

11. Vader and kids

Photo Credit: Instagram,artofalexgross

12. C3PO

Photo Credit: Instagram,artofalexgross

13. Kid heroes

Photo Credit: Instagram,artofalexgross

14. Black Panther

Photo Credit: Instagram,artofalexgross

15. More Star Wars

Photo Credit: Instagram,artofalexgross

16. Saruman

Photo Credit: Instagram,artofalexgross

17. Beetlejuice

Photo Credit: Instagram,artofalexgross

18. Coneheads!

Photo Credit: Instagram,artofalexgross

19. Groot

Photo Credit: Instagram,artofalexgross

20. Spot on

Photo Credit: Instagram,artofalexgross

These are really amazing!

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Museum Workers Reveal the Coolest Things That Aren’t on Public Display

Back when I was in college, I spent a few months working at a local museum, and let me tell you: if you think the stuff on display is cool, you’d be absolutely mind-boggled by the stuff that’s in storage/behind-the-scenes.

There are plenty of things that have been rotated out and might be put back out some day, but there’s also tons of stuff like rare artifacts and ancient documents that, sadly, will never see the light of day.

These AskReddit users share the coolest things they’ve seen in museums that guests don’t get to view.

1. Weapons

“I interned at the US navy museum for a few months, primarily in the armoury

There is a long list of awesome stuff, but the best was all the Vietnam era SEAL weapons. China lake grenade launcher (002), prototype .50 rifles, modified shotguns, suppressed m16e1’s…..

And that’s before the really spooky stuff like a g3 lacking all external markings and a soviet SVD donated by the state department in the late 60’s…”

2. Storage

“My mom was a helicopter pilot for a tour company and Jay Leno had a hanger next door to her company’s for storage. The security guard let me walk around and the amount of rad sh*t he has in his back up storage (not even his real shop or main storage) is insane.”

3. Great grandfather

“Obligatory don’t work at a museum but……. My great grandfather built a homemade motorized bicycle that was put in the Billy the Kid Museum in Fort Sumner NM. I went to see it a couple of years ago and when the curator found out I was related, he took me in the back and showed me a homemade sawmill my great grandfather had also built that they had taken off display because they didn’t have room for it.”

4. Cold storage

“Didn’t end up becoming a museum professional, but had a museum studies class in college that took some behind-the-scenes field trips with local curators. The wildest thing I saw as the cold storage room at the Cleveland Museum of Natural History. It’s where they keep all the taxidermy, and there are a TON of animals.

Imagine walking through a giant refrigerator full of animals that don’t go together at all “in real life”, cheetahs next to wolves, moose next to lions, gazelles with raccoons between their legs. Shelves full of squirrels and birds. So many birds–like going down a grocery store aisle, except it’s full of birds. You’re surrounded by animals, but everything is motionless and staring at you with glass eyes. It was completely surreal.”

5. A lot of guns

“One castle type museum I did my work experience in I was taken in a room just full of guns.

I am a lot older and work in a museum again now so I know how things are stored carefully, in controlled conditions, but these guns were just piled about. There were ton of musket looking guns but two that stood out was something that looked like a revolver but with a barrel like a canon, and a musket that was much bigger barrel and eleven of my feet long.

It was in the early nineties so I’m sure they’ve tidied up a bit now, but so so many guns.”

6. “Best job ever”

“Hmmmmm. Where to even start? Fun fact – most museums only have about 0.1-10% of their collections on display at any given time.

My desk used to be right next to an atomic bomb.

A couple of times, I was in Charles Lindbergh’s pants. Also Neil Armstrong’s boots. Also saw Buzz Aldrin’s underpants.

I got to hold a pair of Roald Amundsen’s skis.

SPACE SUIT STORAGE. It’s like a morgue but better. Fun story – one of the best ways to transport space suits is in coffin boxes. Always tripping over coffin boxes everywhere on shipping days.

A drum hand-collected by Margaret Mead that’s one of three like it left in the world (iirc).

Victorian hair art. So disturbing we didn’t have any on display at that museum. As one classmate said, “that’s not art, that’s the shower drain!”.

Airplanes made out of plywood.

An actual military medal that was a hand flipping the bird – Order of the Rigid Digit. Still my favorite use of taxpayer dollars to this day.

Napoleon’s handwritten notes for his autobiography. There was also a collection of prints with his face that made excellent memes among my friends.

James Doolittle’s pilot license signed by Orville Wright.

Lindbergh’s prize check for crossing the Atlantic.

135 laxatives previously belonging to Charles Lindbergh. Fun story – Jane Addams used the same kind of laxatives.

Used tissues. Used bandaids. Random trash. Unidentifiable fragments of wood. A board that was supposed to call cats to it or some weird hocus pocus like that. All things we had to take very seriously and treat with the same care we did everything else because some dumdum decided to accession everything.

A very wide range of baccula, aka penis bones.

Dinosaur storage, need I say more?

The super secret Egyptian temple buried in the bowels of the Field Museum.

Teddy Roosevelt’s samurai outfit, gifted to him at a state dinner by the Japanese ambassador. He then drunkenly put it on and ran around the White House in it, iirc.

A second atomic bomb.

Ugh, best job ever. I make myself jealous sometimes. Even when I had to alphabetize and chronologize 653 barf bags.”

7. Mummies

“My wife is an art curator. In her younger life, she was working at a museum and came across a box that said, “mummy head”.

Guess what was in there? A mummy head, as advertised.

My favorite experience from visiting her at work (besides meeting Cheech Marin… seriously, dude! He borrowed my guitar!) was blowing as much time as I wanted looking at a Warhol print from 1966. It was mind blowing to see all that effort to make something seem shallow and simple.

By the way, prints are awesome. You can buy art for less than the cost of furniture, directly from the artist. You are putting beer in one’s mug, gas in the van, alimony in the envelope.”

8. Super Important

“I went to a Super Important Museum (at least in my city? I don’t think I should name it) with my 11th grade anthropology class, and apparently my teacher had an in with someone there. We were brought to a conference room where there was an Incan mummy just sitting there on the table. This mummy had been specifically freed from the unknown depths of the museum to say hello to us.

It was a teenage girl sort of hunched over, and I remember she had braids. My teacher encouraged us all to touch the mummy. Like, barehanded. I seriously doubt every tour got to touch it. We were totally allowed. “You’re never going to get another chance to do this,” my teacher said.

I touched the mummy’s hand, I think, and the dress over her knee, vaguely horrified at the whole situation. Was trying to eat my fries a couple hours later and thought about the fact that I’d touched a dead body with those same fingers I was using to eat lunch and almost retched. I have not in fact ever gotten another chance to touch a mummy.”

9. Huey

“I volunteer at an air museum. We had just got a Huey helicopter to restore and it was in the maintenance hangar. Some Vietnam vets that flew a Huey found out that we got one in. We let them into the maintenance hangar to check it out and while they were looking at it they discovered it was the Huey that they flew in Vietnam. They had no idea that it had survived.

I was just hanging out and got to witness the whole thing.”

10. Creepy

“I volunteered in collections at a state history museum for a while. Two things especially have stuck with me.

A huge collection of dolls that are stored head down with their tiny little hands (and sometimes eyes) wrapped. It’s just as creepy as it sounds.

Also one time I got to vacuum a buffalo hide. That was fun.”

11. Hidden

“The prison cell door which housed Rudolph Hess when he died in 1987. It is preserved in a back room in a museum in the US. I was told by a staff member that it was not on display, and likely never would be, due to avoiding neo-Nazi attention.”

12. Zoo life

“A few things come to mind:

I spent several years working as a field biologist surveying headwater streams on private timber company land in the backcountry of Oregon. A lot of that land is only accessible through locked forestry gates, but it is many thousands of acres of gorgeous wild land that the public typically doesn’t get to see or access.

I used to work at the Oregon Zoo as well and have been allowed to go behind a lot of the animal exhibits to help clean or feed or whatever. That was tons of fun. The rhinos were my favorite – very friendly, and absolutely immovable objects when you touch them.

Now as a scientist I get to do some unique and fascinating work at times in some high-tech or high-profile labs, and also often work on research vessels at sea. Most of this is not directly open to the public.”

13. Words from a veteran museum worker

“I’ve worked at multiple museums and Archives/Special Collections sections of libraries (in various capacities). Some of the highlights:

The full collection first editions of Mildred Benson’s Nancy Drew hardbacks from the 1930s
the autographed Arthur Rackham-illustrated copy of Grimm’s Fairy Tales that we had sitting on our shelves in the Archives of my university, owned by his aunt-by-marriage and donated to us
The Virginia Museum of Transportation had so many cool railroad bits and bobs floating around in storage, especially while they were working on the restoration of the 611 steam engine.
a Lewis and Clark original map of the Pacific Northwest, kept in the Library of Congress archives because it’s too fragile to display

Another one that I just remembered:

the beautiful illuminated manuscripts and Book of Days from the Middle Ages that my university had sitting around in Special Collections. We occasionally wheeled them out for the Medieval Lit undergrads, but other than that they were generally locked up.”

14. Experiments

“Worked in a science museum. It’s not exactly not public, but when the museum was closed or on slow days we used to test out ideas we found on the internet for science activities. Anything from liquid nitrogen hurricanes to green and purple fireballs – if we had the ingredients, we could try it.”

15. Middle of nowhere

“I used to work in a local historical society, and their exhibit space was very small. Someone donated some land and a large barn to the historical society. My co-worker and I went to go check it out, and there was a huge horse-drawn hearse inside and literally nothing else. It was super creepy. It would be cool to display somewhere in the right exhibit, but we didn’t have space or the audience. As far as I know, it’s still during there in that barn in the middle of nowhere.”

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10 Facts That Debunk Some VERY Commonly-Held Misconceptions

There are plenty of things we grew up learning as being the gospel truth turning out to be wrong. For instance, I thought Milli Vanilli were the greatest thing ever as a kid, but as new facts came to light, I had to reconsider my stance.

Learning something brand new that dispels your common knowledge is always a weird experience. These facts might just fall into that category for you.

1. You won’t die

Photo Credit: did you know?

2. Only two

Photo Credit: did you know?

3. Interesting…

Photo Credit: did you know?

4. Ancient mistake

Photo Credit: did you know?

5. No negative impact

Photo Credit: did you know?

6. Sex change

Photo Credit: did you know?

7. All a lie

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8. Wow

Photo Credit: did you know?

9. Only use one

Photo Credit: did you know?

10. Rewriting history?

Photo Credit: did you know?

Debunked!

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7 Great Facts to Improve Your Small Talk

Small talk is one of life’s necessary evils. Sure, it can be a little awkward fumbling around for something to say to fill the silence, but if you work through it, you may be rewarded with some truly great conversation.

I’m here to give you these conversation starters so that you’re not fumbling around as long next time.

Consider it a gift.

1. Lock ’em up

Photo Credit: did you know?

2. Never ignore the Waffle House

Photo Credit: did you know?

3. Good engineering

Photo Credit: did you know?

4. I like the sound of this

Photo Credit: did you know?

5. Might want to do that…

Photo Credit: did you know?

6. Calm down

Photo Credit: did you know?

7. No time for that

Photo Credit: did you know?

Now you have no excuses for not bothering random strangers.

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