A Crash Course in Basic Traffic Jam Etiquette

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When you hit the open road, it’s important to bring your manners with you. According to the AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety [PDF], 56 percent of fatal accidents involve at least one form of aggressive driving, and nearly 80 percent of drivers admitted to engaging in dangerous, road rage-fueled behaviors (ramming into another vehicle, confronting another driver) at least once in the past year.

Next time you’re stuck on a congested highway, try following the etiquette tips below, culled from The Wall Street Journal, the scientific journal Annals of Neurology, the California DMV, and other sources by the website AutoInsurance Center. They’ll help you keep your highway conduct—and your safety—in check.

Know of something you think we should cover? Email us at tips@mentalfloss.com.


September 8, 2016 – 7:30am

New York City is Building an Oyster Bed Out of 5000 Toilets

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In August, we reported that New York City was trying to reclaim its title as the oyster capital of the world by building a massive oyster bed in Jamaica Bay. Now, in collaboration with the Billion Oyster Project, the city is using 5000 old toilets to create a cozy—if slightly gross—home for its new mollusk families.

The toilets were donated by public schools around the city, as part of a collaboration between the Department of Education and Department of Environmental Protection. In return for their inefficient old toilets, public schools received new, water-saving models.

In a statement, the Mayor’s Office explained that the 5000 toilets, smashed into small porcelain chunks, will give free-floating oyster larvae something to latch onto as they grow. While the oyster bed consists of an initial 50,000 oysters, the city hopes the mollusks will successfully spawn and attach either to the shells of other oysters or bits of porcelain.

The oyster bed will do more than bring delicious shellfish back to the city, The Washington Post reports. “This oyster bed will serve multiple purposes—protecting our wetlands from erosion, naturally filtering our water, and providing a home for our sea dwellers are just a few,” Mayor Bill de Blasio explained. “More broadly, this oyster bed is a small but necessary step in our broader OneNYC commitment to create a more sustainable and more resilient City.”

[h/t The Washington Post]

Know of something you think we should cover? Email us at tips@mentalfloss.com.


September 8, 2016 – 7:00am

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A B&B Made Entirely of Wool Is Coming to London Next Month

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The Campaign for Wool

Now that we’ve unofficially entered the fall season, we can start to look forward to sweater weather. People in the United Kingdom are about to get an extra cuddly welcoming with “Wool Week,” an annual event thrown by The Campaign for Wool. This year, the organization is planning fun activities all around London, including the first ever bed and breakfast made entirely out of wool.

On October 10, guests can check in to the ‘Baaatique’ Hotel at the Design Centre in Chelsea Harbour. The ultra-cozy bed and breakfast offers up all sorts of wool-made amenities. This includes wool bedding, pillows, decor, and wool-filled mattresses. There’s even wool pajamas available. The supremely comfortable inn will be taking guests until October 16. The pop-up B&B is designed to showcase just how versatile wool can be (and hopefully, won’t be too scratchy in the process). 

You can follow along on The Campaign for Wool’s website for more updates. 

[h/t Creative Boom]

Know of something you think we should cover? Email us at tips@mentalfloss.com.


September 8, 2016 – 6:30am

The Famous Composer Who Was Obsessed With Trains

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The words “Antonin Dvořák” are often followed by phrases like “New World Symphony” or “folk music meets classical Romanticism.” But when the Czech composer wasn’t at his piano or conducting a symphony in Prague, he was often doing something quite different: obsessing over trains.

Born in Bohemia on September 8, 1841, Dvořák came of age alongside the railroads that changed life in Europe forever. As a child in Nelahozeves, a village between Prague and Dresden, the arrival of the railroad that connected the two cities also changed his life. Workers from all over the Austro-Hungarian Empire made their way to the village during its construction, and the young boy watched soldiers and celebrities fly by on the trains, pulled by newly constructed steam locomotives, from a house across the street from the train station.

The train may have ended his town’s sleepy way of life, but it also inspired the young musician with a love for technology and progress. Eventually he followed the train to Prague and, as a young and increasingly famous composer, crisscrossed Europe on steam trains. His home base of Prague was a rail hub and the site of not one but two impressive train stations. Dvořák, who lived within walking distance of the Franz Josef I station, spent much of his spare time there, befriending railroad workers and reportedly escaping boring concerts to watch international express trains depart and arrive. He became obsessed with the arrivals and departures of the trains, memorizing their extensive schedules and becoming a bona fide trainspotter.

Dvořák’s obsession even showed up in his personal life: At one point, he asked a student who was dating his daughter to note the number on an international express train, then jokingly told his daughter he would forbid her to marry him because he botched the task. And when he visited the United States, he continued his trainspotting [PDF], though Grand Central Station apparently disappointed him due to its lack of opportunities to watch trains pass one another. His love of trains was so great that he once declared: “I would give all my symphonies for inventing the locomotive.”

You’d think that someone so into trains might have made more train-like music, but it’s hard to find locomotive influences in Dvořák’s folk-inspired songs. That’s not to say he didn’t find inspiration near the tracks: At one point, the composer was waiting for a festival train at the Prague station when he came up with the theme for the opening movement of his Seventh Symphony. And weirdly enough, his “Humoresque” was used as the background to a popular joke song in the 20th century that transposed potty humor about train toilets over the classic melody. It’s even said that trains eventually killed him—while standing at the Prague train station during a trainspotting trip, the composer caught a chill. He died soon thereafter.

Trains fascinated Dvořák so much that he rearranged trips to see them and begged acquaintances to describe their rail journeys to him. But why? He himself told a student that he loved the ingenuity with which each train was built. “It consists of many parts created by many different components,” he said. “Everything has a purpose and role and the result is amazing.” Kind of like a symphony.


September 8, 2016 – 6:00am

7 Ways to Stay Safe When You’re Traveling Alone

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It’s fun to travel with other people, but going solo can be an exciting and enriching travel experience. When you’re on your own, you can set your own schedule, pursue your own interests (rather than following the crowd), and set aside time for individual reflection.

But without a travel buddy, you also become more of a target. All solo travelers, but especially women, should keep additional safety precautions in mind when in a foreign place. We asked travel experts and writers how to stay safe when you travel alone.

1. BLEND IN.

You want to fit in as much as possible when you travel, and that’s especially true when you’re traveling by yourself. Travel writer and blogger Ashley Christensen, who has been on multiple solo trips, including to New Orleans and Cambodia, tells mental_floss, “For safety’s sake while traveling alone, I try to be as inconspicuous as possible. I dress modestly—that means no short shorts, no cleavage, no high heels.” She also avoids wearing jewelry and expensive items.

But fitting in is about how you act as well as how you look. “I talk in my indoor voice at all times,” Christensen says. “I don’t run around, act a fool, or behave in a way that would make people look at me. In all honesty, this means I don’t get drunk.” In fact, Christensen says she rarely drinks at all while traveling, and most of the travel experts we talked to echoed this advice.

2. RESEARCH WHERE NOT TO GO.

You want to conduct a fair amount of research before any trip, and when you’re traveling alone, that means knowing which areas might be off-limits. “When I check into a hotel, the first thing I ask is what neighborhoods I should avoid and what the area’s safety is like,” says travel expert and Forbes correspondent Katie Lara. “I ask what time I shouldn’t be on the streets alone after. Cities vary widely on this. I have been in hotels where the desk staff told me to never really wander alone after dark in neighborhoods that I would have never guessed [were dicey].”

3. BOOK YOUR HOTEL STRATEGICALLY.

Speaking of hotels, you want to vet carefully, says travel writer Suzanne Wolko. Depending on your location, some hotels or lodging hosts will take care of coordinating nearly every aspect of your trip, from transportation to activities. “I like to book hotels or stays in the center of town so I can walk to attractions,” Wolko says. “I have the hotel book airport transfers in various countries so I don’t have to deal with language barriers or late night worries … I take the hotel business card and take photos of the hotel and landmarks in the area so I can easily find the location or the taxi can.”

Beth Santos, founder and CEO of Wanderful, suggests booking a room on the hotel’s third floor. “This way it’s easy to evacuate in case of emergency but difficult to climb up from the outside.”

4. MAKE SURE SOMEONE KNOWS YOUR PLANS.

You want to stay connected to friends or family back home, and that means more than just Instagramming the sights. Keep a point person apprised of your travel plans so they know where to find you in case of an emergency. In the U.S., the State Department makes it easy to do this with the Smart Traveler Enrollment Program (STEP). You register your trip with your nearest Embassy or Consulate, and STEP not only helps friends and family reach you, but will also keep you up-to-date on travel alerts and advisories for your destination.

And before you head out to explore on your own, “make sure someone always knows where you’re going,” Santos tells mental_floss. “If you’re taking a walk by yourself, tell your hostel or hotel concierge, especially if it’s at night. Give them an estimated time of when you’ll return. Never walk around at night to discover an area—make sure to explore it on foot during the day to get a feel for your new neighborhood.”

5. TRUST YOUR GUT.

If you get a sense that something isn’t right during your solo travels, it’s best to err on the side of caution and follow your intuition, says Diana Edelman, a travel blogger who has visited more than 30 countries alone. “If a situation doesn’t feel right, remove yourself from it,” she says. “Your gut instinct is something you should trust … Keep your eyes open and remember that generally people are kind and want to help; but avoid putting yourself in situations that can be avoided, like walking alone at night.” Edelman also recommends taking the time to read up on common local scams, and what you can do to foil them.

Lara agrees that it’s important to keep your wits about you. It’s easy to get caught up in the excitement of visiting a new, unfamiliar place, but “common sense is always the most important thing to bring with you on any trip,” she says.

6. SPLURGE ON SAFETY.

We all like saving money on travel, but one area you shouldn’t be afraid to spend a bit extra on is safety, Wolko says. If you feel significantly safer at a pricier hotel, for example, it’s worth it to shell out more for your lodging. Or, instead of taking the subway at night, you might consider hiring a driver.

Wolko says she also books private guides to show her around unfamiliar areas. “It’s nice to have a driver and meet locals,” she adds.

7. BE PREPARED FOR THE WORST.

“The first thing I do before any trip is Prepare for the Worst,” Lara adds. “Make sure you have copies of your passport or ID card, credit cards, and any other important documents. Also send yourself electronic copies, so even if your bags are lost, your life line is only an internet cafe away.”

She suggests keeping emergency contacts on hand, too, as well as bank and credit card information in case your wallet is lost or stolen. “I keep this in my email as well. That way, even if I lose everything, I’m just one internet connection away from having all the information I need.”


September 8, 2016 – 4:00am

Trees are able to communicate with each other through…

Trees are able to communicate with each other through an underground network known as the ‘wood-wide web’. This system allows trees to loan sugar to neighboring trees, send warning signals about injury or disease, nurture their own offspring, and donate resources to conserve the forest.